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258 midterm > intro to cell mem transport > Flashcards

intro to cell mem transport Flashcards

1
Q

what do the dendrites do

A

capture signals of other adjacent neurons

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2
Q

what is an axon

A

long tube that transmits info

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3
Q

how does the cns communicate

A

with action potentials

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4
Q

where and when does the reception of info occur

A

at the level of dendrites and right after the synapse

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5
Q

what different influences are considered for the treatment of info

A

inhibition (-) and excitation (+)

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6
Q

what structures transmits info

A

axon

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7
Q

from what neuron to what neuron does the signal direcxtion go

A

pre synaptic to post synaptic

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8
Q

what is proprioception

A

sense of body mvt provided thru cell mem exchange

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9
Q

why is an injury painful (explain what happens)

A

receptors have a deformation in their mem that will lead to an exhange of ions that will result in pain being felt because the signal has reached the brain

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10
Q

what makes up the lipid bilayer

A

lipid barrier
proteins
carbohydrates

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11
Q

what is the lipid bilayer permeable to

A

lipid-soluble substances(O, N, CO2, alcohol)

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12
Q

what is the lipid bilayer impermeable to

A

water and water soluble substances (ions, glucose, urea)

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13
Q

what does the lipid bilayer do

A

it forms a barrier to protect the neurons and to maintain a certain level of electrical potential

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14
Q

what are the two types of membrane proteins and what do they both transport

A

integral proteins and peripheral proteins transport water-soluble substances across the cell membrane

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15
Q

where are integral proteins on the membrane and what do they act as

A

protrude thru mem
act as pores & channels and substance carriers

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16
Q

where are peripheral proteins on the membrane and what do they act as

A

attached to one side of the mem (often attached to integral prot) much smaller than integral prot
acts as enzymes (regulates cell mem) and controller of transport through channels

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17
Q

what are the 2 basic processes of transport and which requires E

A

diffusion (no E) and active transport (E)

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18
Q

what are the two types of diffusiom

A

simple (lipid bilayer or channel prot) or facilated (carrier proteins)

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19
Q

what are the two places mol move thru in simple diffusion (which passes bigger mol)

A

interstices of lipid bilayer for lipid soluble substances
and thru protein channels for water and lipid insoluble mol (bigger mol)

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of selective permeability of ions or mol with diffusion thru protein channels

A

diameter of channel
shape of channel
diameter of substance (K+ > Na+)
nature of electrical charges along the surface of the channel

21
Q

what are the different types of gates

A

voltage gating channels and ligand- gating channels

22
Q

what do voltage gating channels respond to and what do they participate in

A

respond to electrical potential (changes will make the gate open or close)
participate in generation of a.p

23
Q

what do chemical gating channels respond to and what do they participate in

A

respond to binding of another molecule with the channel
participate in synaptic transmission (receptors)

24
Q

what are the steps of facilitated diffusion

A

mol diffuses by using a specific carrier protein => mol enters the pore and binds to binding point (connection btw carrier prot and transported mol.) of protein => a conformational change occurs so that the pore opens to the opposite side => mol is released

25
Q

what is the role of facilitated diffusion

A

transporting large mol like glucose and amino acids

26
Q

what is the diffusion rate in simple diffusion

A

proportional to the [ ] of transported substance (the higher the [ ] the faster the rate of diffusion)

27
Q

what is the diffusion rate in facilitated diffusion

A

not proportional to the [ ] of the transported substance (diffusion rates approaches a max as the [ ] of the diffusing substance increases)

28
Q

why is there a plateau in the diffusion rate of facilitated diffusion

A

bc carrier prot become saturated and only one can pass at a time

29
Q

what are the two factors that affect net rate of diffusion

A

-[ ] diff (net mvt of mol from high [ ] to low [ ]; [ ]gradient)
-electrical pot diff (electrical charge of ions cause them to move thru the mem even tho no [ ] diff exists to cause mvt) (a [ ] diff of the ions will be developed in the direction opposite to the electrical pot)

30
Q

what will negative charges do if positive inside and

A

will go inside if its more positive if started outside

31
Q

why do mol or ions need energy for active transport across the mem tru a carrier prot

A

bc they are going against their [ ] and/or electrical gradient (flow is against the gradient so need to push harder)

32
Q

what are the substances that can be transported thru mem by active transport and how can these substances also be transported by

A

Na+, K+, Fe2+, H+, Cl-, urate ions, sugars and amino acids

also transported by passive transport thru the process of diffusion depending on the need

33
Q

what are the 2 types of active transports and what is the source of E used for both

A

primary active transport : ATP (used to activate pump)
secondary active transport: E is driven from the [ ] gradient of one of the 2 transported sub

34
Q

what is an example of primary active transport and what gets moved in and out of the cell

A

Na+/K+ pump
3 Na+ go out and 2 K+ go in (against [ ] gradient)

35
Q

what is the role of the Na+/K+ pump and what is the values at rest and how much E does it require

A

maintains [ ] diff across cell mem (more Na+ outside and more K+ inside
negative electrical potential inside the cell at rest (always negative but charge depends on the type of cell)
requires 1 to 2/3 of the cell’s E

36
Q

what cause the conformational change in the Na+/K+ pump

A

the enzymatic ATPase activity

37
Q

what is the net charge of the Na+/K+ pump

A

increase of 1 positive charge outside; electrogenic (transfer of 1 net + charge out of the cell)

38
Q

how many sub are transported in secondary active transport and where does the E come from

A

2: principal and co-transported
E comes from the [ ] gradient of the principal sub

39
Q

what are the 2 forms of secondary active transport and what is the main goal of secondary active transport

A

symport: the 2 sub move in same direction
antiport: the 2 sub move in opposite directions

Maintain homeostasis in the cell

40
Q

what would be an example of symport s.a.t and where is the binding site for both

A

sodium (principal) and glucose(cotransported)
both bind on the carrier prot in the cell mem

41
Q

what causes both Na and glucose to move together into the cell and when does that process start

A

the energy gradient of the Na+ (driving force and provides gradient E)

once both sub are attached to the carrier prot a conformational change occurs

42
Q

where are the principal and counter-transported sub located in relation to the mem in antiport of s.a.t

A

opposite sides of the mem

43
Q

where would Na+ bind and Ca2+ bind and where would they go when bound in antiport of s.a.t

A

Na+ binds on the ext side of the prot and Ca2+ (counter-transported sub) binds on the int side
w the gradient E, Na+ goes from out to inside and Ca2+ goes from inside to outside

44
Q

Na+-Ca2+ antiport occurs thru ____ ___ ____ mem

A

almost all cell

45
Q

Na+-H+ antiport occurs in several ____ especialltyimportant in the prox tubules of the kidney

A

tissues

46
Q

mol are constantly kept with ___ [ ] inside and outside of cell and why is it important

A

unequal
important for the optimal functioning of the cell

47
Q

what is the charge of extracellular fluid and what is it high in (AT REST)

A

postively charges and high in Na+, Ca2+ and Cl-

48
Q

what is the charge of intracellular fluid and what is it high in (AT REST)

A

negatively charged and high in K+, Mg2+, proteins

258 midterm (6 decks)

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