Intro to Cell Biology

Question 1

Discovery of Cells

Answer 1

1. Robert Hooke (1665) - double lens microscope (cork bark of trees (dead tissue) called cellulae)
2. Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1665-1675) - single lens microscope (pond water with moving objects (living cell), bacteria)

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

1. Theodor Schwann - unicellular/multicellular, cell basic unit of life
2. Rudolf Virshow - cells are from division of pre-existing cell

Question 3

8 Basic properties of cell

Answer 3

1. Highly complex and organized - organelles have specific shape & location
2. Have genetic program and the means to use it - genes as blueprint
3. Capable of reproduce - division
4. Acquire and utilize energy - ATP
5. Carry out chemical reactions
6. Involve in mechanical activities
7. Respond to stimuli - sense
8. Capable of self-regulation - maintain complexity and organization

Question 4

5 similarities of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Answer 4

1. Plasma membrane construction
2. DNA as genetic material
3. Transcription and translation processes
4. Metabolic pathways
5. Conserve energy in the form of ATP

Question 5

6 features only in Eukaryotes

Answer 5

1. Membrane-bound nucleus
2. Membrane-bound organelles
3. Several chromosomes consisting of linear DNA wrapped around histone proteins
4. Specialized organelles
5. Complex cytoskeleton - microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
6. Complex cell division

Question 6

Cell potency

Answer 6

Totipotent give rises to pluripotent give rises to multipotent give rises to unipotent.

Question 7

Why are cells so small?

Answer 7

To have larger total surface area - increased productivity/efficiency.