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CC1 PRELIMS > INTRO TO CC > Flashcards

INTRO TO CC Flashcards

1
Q

The amount of light that is absorbed by analyte in a solution

A

ABSORBANCE

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2
Q

Absorbance is __________________ to the _______________ of
analyte

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL, CONCENTRATION

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3
Q

Ability of a test to obtain the known target value for a sample.

A

ACCURACY

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4
Q

Amount of variation in the measurement.

A

PRECISION

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5
Q

Substance that is being measured (e.g., glucose, sodium, cholesterol)

A

ANALYTE

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6
Q

All procedures related to the testing of a sample for an analyte

A

ANALYTICAL PHASE

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7
Q

A laboratory grade water and other reagents are set up and tested as
though it was another sample.

A

BLANK

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8
Q

This checks for background interference from reagents and allows for
correction.

A

BLANK

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9
Q

Process of using CALIBRATORS (samples with known analyte concentration) to construct a calibration curve used to quantitate analyte concentration in unknown (patient) specimens.

A

CALIBRATION,

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10
Q

Substance that accelerates a chemical reaction, such as an enzyme in
the body.

A

CATALYST

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11
Q

An ion carrying a positive charge.

A

CATION

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12
Q

A process used to separate or concentrate materials suspended in a liquid medium by use of the centrifugal force.

A

CENTRIFUGATION

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13
Q

Amount of analyte measured in a sample expressed quantitatively
(e.g., mg/dL, mmol/L)

A

CONCENTRATION

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14
Q

A reaction vessel (similar to a tube) used in photometric analyzers.

A

CUVETTE

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15
Q

An ionic compound.

A

ELECTROLYTE

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16
Q

Dissolves in water to produce ions, which can conduct electricity.

A

ELECTROLYTE

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17
Q

Strong electrolytes _________ dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes __________ dissociate or break apart in water.

A

COMPLETELY, PARTIALLY

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18
Q

Protein in the body that acts as a catalyst and converts substrate to
product

A

ENZYME

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19
Q

Most common reason for sample rejection.

A

HEMOLYSIS

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20
Q

Rupture of RBCs with the release
of hgb and the intracellular
components into the
plasma/serum.

A

HEMOLYSIS

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21
Q

Color of Hemolysis.

A

PALE-CHERRY RED

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22
Q

Increased bilirubin pigment; hyperbilirubinemia

A

ICTERUS

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23
Q

Color of icterus serum/plasma.

A

DARK-BRIGHT YELLOW

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24
Q

Increased lipid accumulation, usually triglycerides.

A

LIPEMIA

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25
Q

Color of lipemia.

A

MILKY COLORATION

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26
Q

LIPIDS: the common analytes of ______________________ and related compounds such as free fatty acids and lipoproteins.

A

CHOLESTEROL & TRIGLYCERIDES

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27
Q

Basic measurement principle or technique that is used in an analytical system to perform a test.

A

METHODOLOGY

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28
Q

Use of scientific methods to maintain the most accurate data possible.

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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29
Q

QC: Procedures performed to check against a standard, such as _______,__________,___________

A

BLANKS, DUPLICATES & SPIKES

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30
Q

The expected normal concentration range for an analyte in a patient population.

A

REFERENCE INTERVAL

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31
Q

Specimen after preparation for analysis (e.g., serum or plasma after centrifugation)

A

SAMPLE

32
Q

Liquid portion of plasma that remains after clot is removed.

A

SERUM

33
Q

The clear, yellow fluid obtained when blood is drawn into a tube containing anticoagulant.

A

PLASMA

34
Q

PLASMA: the clotting factors have__________ and a clot is not formed.

A

NOT ACTIVATED

35
Q

Type of biologic fluid in which the analyte is found (e.g., blood, urine, CSF) or the form in which the fluid is tested (e.g., serum, plasma, whole blood)

A

SPECIMEN

36
Q

Measuring light intensity at various wavelengths.

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

37
Q

SI Units stands for?

A

SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL D’UNITES

38
Q

3 Classes of SI units.

A

BASE, DERIVED, SUPPLEMENTAL

39
Q

Moles of solute/ volume of solution (mmol/L)

A

ANALYTES

40
Q

International Unit per liter (IU/L or U/L) or katal unit per liter (KU/L)

A

ENZYMES

41
Q

Measurement of Hydrogen ion conc.

A

PH

42
Q

Substance that either occurs naturally or produced synthetically in the laboratory.

A

CHEMICALS

43
Q

Normally employed in testing to produce chemical reactions for detection, as well as quantitation purposes

A

REAGENTS

44
Q

WHAT ARE THE GRADES OF PURITY?

A
  • Analytical Reagent Grade
  • Ultrapure
  • United States Pharmacopeia (USP); National Formulary (NF)
  • Chemically Pure Grade
  • Technical / Commercial Grade
45
Q

High degree of purity. SUITABLE FOR USE IN MOST ANALYTIC laboratory procedures * For qualitative and quantitative analyses; essential for accuracy

A

ANALYTICAL REAGENT GRADE

46
Q

High quality type of reagent grade. Have additional purification steps for use in specific procedures.
* Can be used in chromatography, atomic absorption, immunoassays and molecular diagnostics

A

ULTRAPURE

47
Q

Used to MANUFACTURE DRUGS.
* Chemicals in this group may be pure enough for use in most chemical
procedures
* Purity standards are not based on the needs of the laboratory

A

United States Pharmacopeia (USP); National
Formulary (NF)

48
Q

These chemicals serves as an ALTERNATIVE when higher purity of chemicals are NOT AVAILABLE.

A

CHEMICALLY PURE GRADE

49
Q

Preparation of these chemicals is not uniform.
* Not recommended that clinical laboratories use these chemicals for
reagent preparation unless further purification is included

A

CHEMICALLY PURE GRADE

50
Q

Used only for commercial as well as industrial purposes.
* Used primarily in manufacturing
* Should never be used for reagent preparation in the clinical
laboratory.

A

TECHNICAL/COMMERCIAL GRADE

51
Q

Developed standard reference materials (SRMs) for use in clinical chemistry laboratories.
* Used when producing calibrator and standard materials.

A

NIST (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS & TECHNOLOGY)

52
Q

Usually utilized in laboratory testing in order to control or validate degree of analytical measurements of a particular machine which process is called as _____________

A

CALIBRATION

53
Q

Usually utilized in laboratory testing in order to control or validate degree of analytical measurements of a particular machine which process is called as calibration.

A

CONTROLS

54
Q

Used to asses or evaluate machine functionality.

A

CALIBRATION

55
Q

Highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity.

A

PRIMARY

56
Q

_____________has purity tolerances for primary standards.

A

American Chemical Society (ACS)

57
Q

Substance of lower purity with concentration determined by
comparison with a primary standard.

A

SECONDARY

58
Q

Solely purified by distillation.

A

DISTILLED WATER

59
Q

Water purified by ion exchange

A

DEIONIZED WATER

60
Q

Pumps water (pressure) across a semipermeable membrane

A

REVERSE OSMOSIS

61
Q

Excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms and any pyrogens or endotoxins

A

Ultrafiltration/ Nanofiltration

62
Q

Removes some trace organic material.

A

UV oxidation

63
Q

Initially filtered it to remove particulate matter followed by reverse osmosis deionization, and a 0.2-mm filter or more restrictive filtration process.

A

REAGENT GRADE WATER

64
Q

6 categories of Reagent Grade Water

A

Special reagent water (SRW)
Instrument feed water
Water supplied by method manufacturer
Autoclave and wash water
Commercially bottled purified water
Clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW)

65
Q

Used to test methods requiring
minimum interference, such as trace metal,
iron, and enzyme analyses

A

TYPE 1

66
Q

Acceptable for most analytic
requirements, including reagent, quality
control, and standard preparation

A

TYPE 2

67
Q

Acceptable for glassware washing but not for analysis or reagent preparation.

A

TYPE 3

68
Q

Centigrade to Kelvin

A

C + 273

69
Q

Centigrade to Fahrenheit

A

(C x 1.8) + 32

70
Q

Fahrenheit to Centigrade

A

(F-32) x 0.556

71
Q

What are the laboratory Glasswares?

A
  • Volumetric flask
  • Erlenmeyer flask
  • Griffin beakers
  • Graduated cylinders
72
Q

Used for heating and sterilization purposes

  • Has a high degree of thermal resistance, low alkali content and free
    from Magnesium lime-zinc group of elements, heavy metals, arsenic
    and antimony
A

Borosilicate glass (pyrex and kimax)

73
Q

Has high resistance to alkali.
* Its thermal resistance is________compared to borosilicate glass.

A

Boron-free glassware/ Soft glass, LESS

74
Q

A special ___________________ that has strengthened chemically
than thermally

A

COREX, ALUMINA-SILICATE GLASS

75
Q

COREX IS_______ THAN BOROSILICATE

A

6X STRONGER

76
Q
A

CC1 PRELIMS (2 decks)

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