Intro To Cardiovascular

Question 1

Whaat are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

• Distribution of oxygen, nutrients (e.g., glucose, amino acids) and hormones to all body tissues
• Transportation of CO2 and metabolic waste products (e.g. urea) from the tissues to the lungs and excretory products
• Distribution of water, electrolytes and hormones throughout the body
• Contributing to the infrastructure of the immune system
• Regulation of body temperature
• Involved in several homeostatic mechanisms: Regulation of B.P., homeostatic adjustments to the altered body states

Question 2

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 2

• four chambered heart that acts as a dual pump
• blood and lymphatic vessels

Divisions:
1. Systemic circuit

2. Pulmonary circuit

Question 3

Describe the composition of blood

Answer 3

Blood is composed of plasma, an aqueous solution containing electrolytes, proteins and other molecules, in which cells are suspended. 45% of the blood volume consists of cells, mainly erythrocytes, also white blood cells and plates.

Question 4

How much is the blood volume in an average man?

Answer 4

5.5 L in an average 70 kg man

Question 5

What is the definition & formula of stroke volume?

Answer 5

Stroke volume- volume of blood ejected by the ventricle on each beat; mL
Stroke volume= End-diastolic volume- End-systolic volume

Question 6

What is the definition and formula of ejection fraction?

Answer 6

The fraction of the end-diastolic volume ejected in each stroke volume, which is a measure of ventricular efficiency

Ejection fraction= stroke volume/ end-diastolic volume

Question 7

What is the definition and formula of cardiac output?

Answer 7

The total volume ejected by the ventricle per unit time; mL/min

Cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

Question 8

What is cardiac output in steady state condition?

Answer 8

CO= SV