Intro to Carb Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
Amylose
A
- Aka starch
- Glucose residues in a-1,4 linkage
- Cleaved by a-amylase
2
Q
Amylopectin
A
- Aka branched starch
- Glucose residues in a-1,4 linkage with a-1,6 branches
- Cleaved by a-amylase
3
Q
Lactose
A
- Galactose and glucose
- B-1,4 linkage
- Milk and dairy products
- Cleaved by lactase
4
Q
Sucrose
A
- Aka table sugar
- Glucose and fructose
- a-1,2 linkage
- Cleaved by sucrase
5
Q
Glycogen
A
- Branched glucose
- a-1,4 linkage with a-1,6 branches (like amylopectin)
6
Q
a-Amylase
A
- Endoglucosidase
- Cleaves random internal a-1,4 bonds in starch
- Salivary a-amylase: inactivated by stomach acid
- Pancreatic a-amylase: secreted into duodenum
7
Q
Glucoamylase
A
- Exoglucosidase
- Cleaves terminal a-1,4 between glucose and oligo/disacchs
- Produces glucose and isomaltose
8
Q
Maltase
A
- Cleaves a-1,4 in maltose and maltotriose
- Produces glucose and maltose
9
Q
Isomaltase
A
- Cleaves a-1,6 in isomaltose and a-dextrins
- Produces glucose polymers
10
Q
Sucrase
A
- Cleaves a-1,2 bond in sucrose
- Produces glucose and fructose
11
Q
Lactase
A
- Cleaves B-1,4 bond in lactose
- Produces galactose and glucose
12
Q
What is glycogenolysis?
A
- Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
- Increased in fasting state
13
Q
What is gluconeogensis?
A
- Synthesis of glucose from non-carb sources (amino acids)
- Increased in fasting state
14
Q
What happens during the fasting state?
A
- Decrease in blood glucose –> release of glucagon
- Increased glycogenolysis
- Increased gluconeogenesis
- Increased lipolysis (to release FA to be used as alternate fuel)
15
Q
What happens during the fed state?
A
- Increase in blood glucose –> release of insulin
- Increased glycogen synthesis (store glucose)
- Increased FA synthesis (convert excess glucose to FA)
- Increased triglyceride synthesis (store FA)
