Intro To Brain

Question 1

Frontal lobe:

Precentral gyrus

Answer 1

Function: Voluntary movement of muscles of body and head region
Disorder: Loss of voluntary movement of body and head region

Question 2

Frontal lobe:

Premotor region

Answer 2

Function: Aids and integrates voluntary movements of body
Disorder: Apraxia (loss of ability to carry out complex movements of body and head)

Question 3

Frontal lobe:

Frontal eye fields

Answer 3

Function: Controls voluntary horizontal movement of eyes
Disorder: Loss of voluntary control of horizontal movement (i.e. eyes cannot deviate to side opposite lesion)

Question 4

Frontal lobe:

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 4

Function: Intellectual functions; affective processes
Disorder: Intellectual and emotional impairment

Question 5

Frontal lobe:

Broca’s motor speech area

Answer 5

Function: Regulates motor aspects of speech
Disorder: Motor aphasia

Question 6

Parietal lobe:

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 6

Function: Conscious perception of somesthetic senesation
Disorder: Loss of somatosensory perception

Question 7

Parietal lobe:

Wernicke’s area

Answer 7

Function: Reception integration of speech
Disorder: Receptive aphasia

Question 8

Parietal lobe:

Superior parietal lobule

Answer 8

Function: Integration of sensory and motor functions; programming mechanism for motor responses
Disorder: Posterior parietal syndrome; sensory neglect; apraxia

Question 9

Temporal lobe:

Superior temporal gyrus

Answer 9

Function: Auditory perception
Disorder: Loss of auditory perception

Question 10

Temporal lobe:

Middle temporal gyrus

Answer 10

Function: Detection of moving objects
Disorder: Loss of movement detection

Question 11

Temporal lobe:

Inferior temporal gyrus

Answer 11

Function: Recognition of faces
Disorder: Loss of facial recognition

Question 12

Occipital lobe:

Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus

Answer 12

Function: Visual perception
Disorder: Parital or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes, depending upon the extent of the lesion in the visual cortex

Question 13

Deep Brain:
Ventricles of the brain
Lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and cerebral aqueduct

Answer 13

Function: Flow of the CSF throughout the CNS -> a sources of electrolytes and conduit of neuroactive and metabolic products
Disorder: Hydrocephalus

Question 14

Deep Brain:
Basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

Answer 14

Function: Regulation of motor functions associated with cerebral cortex
Disorder: Dyskinesia

Question 15

Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Thalamic nuclei

Answer 15

Function: Transmission of signals from other regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and affective (emotional) functions
Disorder: Disruption and possible loss of sensory, motor, and other functions

Question 16

Diencephalon:
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamic nuclei

Answer 16

Function: Visceral (feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine functions and sexual and emotional behavior)
Disorder: Disruption, loss, or alterations in visceral and affective functions and processes

Question 17

Limbic Structures:

Hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex

Answer 17

Function: Modulation of hypothalamic functions; regulation of emotional behavior; short-term memory
Disorder: Temporal lobe epilepsy; loss of control of emotions and related affective processes; loss of short-term memory

Question 18

Cerebellum and Brainstem:

Cerebellum: anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobes

Answer 18

Function: Integration of motor functions related to all regions of the CNS associated with motor and related processes
Disorder: Loss of balance; ataxia; hypotonia; loss of coordination; disorders of movement when intentionally attempting to produce a purposeful reponse

Question 19

Cerebellum and Brainstem:

Midbrain

Answer 19

Function: Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (cranial nerves III and IV)
Disorder: Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with cranial nerves III and IV

Question 20

Cerebellum and Brainstem:

Pons

Answer 20

Function: Transmissions and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (cranial nerves V, VI, and VII)
Disorder: Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with cranial nerves V, VI, and VII

Question 21

Cerebellum and Brainstem:

Medulla

Answer 21

Function: Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions (cranial nerves VIII, IX, X, XII)
Disorder: Sensory motor, and autonomic deficits, including respiration, as well as deficits associated with cranial nerves VIII, IX, X, and XII