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Kinesiology (12) > Intro to Bones, Joints and Muscles > Flashcards

Intro to Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Structural Support
  2. Protection
  3. Growth Centre for Cells
  4. Reservoir of Minerals
  5. Movement
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2
Q

Define: Cartilage

bone

A

Strong, flexible tissue usually found lining joints and at the top of bones that gives structure

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3
Q

Define: Cancellous (spongy) bone

bone

A

Bone tissue where red blood cells are created

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4
Q

Define: Compact Bone

bone

A

Forms the hard, dense layer on the outside of the bone

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5
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Line and Epiphyseal Plate?

bone

A

Epiphyseal Line: the ossified epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal Plate: the cartilage that forms the growth plate

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6
Q

Define: Ossification

bone

A

The formation of bone; when osteoblasts and osteocytes form bone. In infants, when a baby’s cartilage is replaced by bone, that is ossification.

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7
Q

What are osteoblasts?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that build bone

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8
Q

What are osteocytes?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that are the building blocks of bone

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9
Q

What are osteoclasts?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that reabsorb bone

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10
Q

Define: Osteoporosis

(basic description)

bone

A

A degenerative condition that involves low bone density and the deterioration of bone tissue

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11
Q

What are the 4 things you can do to prevent osteoporosis

bone

A
  1. Weight bearing exercise
  2. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
  3. No smoking or excessive alcohol consumption
  4. Bone density testing after 40
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

joints

A
  1. Cartilaginous
  2. Fibrous
  3. Synovial
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13
Q

Define: Articular Cartilage

joints

A

Located on the ends of bones that come in contact with one another

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14
Q

Define: Synovial Fluid

joints

A

Lubricant for the joint; held in the joint cavity

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15
Q

Define: Joint Capsule

joints

A

Consists of the synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

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16
Q

Define: Bursae

joints

A

Small fluid sacs found at friction points that act as a cushion

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17
Q

Define: Tendon

joints

A

Connects muscle to bone

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18
Q

Define: Ligament

joints

A

Connects bone to bone

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19
Q

Label the image 1-6:

joints

A
  1. Synovial Fluid
  2. Joint Capsule
  3. Tendons
  4. Bursae
  5. Articular Cartilage
  6. Ligaments
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20
Q

What is a shoulder joint dislocation?

joints

A

Where the humerus is displaced from the socket

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21
Q

List 3 signs/symptoms of a shoulder joint dislocation

joints

A

Significant pain, square appearance, inability to move the arm

22
Q

What are treatment options for a shoulder joint dislocation?

joints

A

Seek medical attention to put it back into place

23
Q

Define: Osgood-Schlatter disease (knee joint)

joints

A

Essentially growing pains; in the growth plate

24
Q

Define: Patellofemoral Syndrome (knee joint)

joints

A

A result of increased or misdirected forces on the patellofemoral joint

25
What does ACL stand for? ## Footnote joints
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
26
Define: Ligament Tear (ACL) ## Footnote joints
Severe blow to the lateral side of the knee
27
Define: Inversion Sprain (ankle joint) ## Footnote joints
"Rolled ankle" or "twisted ankle" commonly when in plantar flexion
28
What does PIER stand for? ## Footnote joints
Pressure, Ice, Elevation, Rest
29
What is osteoarthritis? ## Footnote joints
The erosion of the surfaces of bones at the point where they come together; causes joint pain, stiffness and restricted mobility
30
What is cartilage damage? ## Footnote joints
Known as torn cartilage; causes instability and pain
31
Define: Sprain ## Footnote joints
Twist/wrench of a muscle
32
Define: Strain ## Footnote joints
Pull or stretch/overuse of a muscle
33
Define: Tear ## Footnote joints
1st degree: only a few ligament fibres are stretched with minimal swelling 2nd degree: partially torn ligament with bruising, more swelling, and more pain 3rd degree: entire ligament is torn (or near to completely torn); surgery might be required
34
True or False: A muscle can only push ## Footnote muscles
False: A muscle can only **pull**
35
What 2 things make up a sarcomere? ## Footnote muscles
1. Actin 2. Myosin
36
Define: Motor Unit ## Footnote muscles
Basic functional units of skeletal muscle; receives signals from the brain for muscles
37
Explain the "all-or-none" principle ## Footnote muscles
When a motor unit recieves a signal, all the muscle fibres of that unit with contract at the same time
38
Put the Sliding Filament Theory in order: ## Footnote muscles
2 5 6 1 3 4 7
39
Define: Origin ## Footnote muscles
least moveable part, usually on the axial skeleton
40
Define: Insertion ## Footnote muscles
most moveable part of the muscle
41
Define: Function ## Footnote muscles
what a muslce does when in use
42
Define: Antagonistic Pairs ## Footnote muscles
Opposing pairs made of agonist and antagonist muscles
43
List 3 examples of antagonistic pairs ## Footnote muscles
1. Biceps/Triceps 2. Quads/Hamstrings 3. Gastrocnemius/Tibialus Anterior
44
What are the 3 types of muscle contractions? ## Footnote muscles
1. Concentric 2. Essentric 3. Isometric
45
Define: Concentric Contraction ## Footnote muscles
Muscle is shortening as the contraction is happening
46
Define: Eccentric Contraction ## Footnote muscles
Muscle in lengthening as the contraction is happening
47
Define: Isometric Contraction ## Footnote muscles
Muscle is neither lengthening nor shortening while contracting
48
What are the 3 types of exercises?
Isometric, Isotonic, Isokinetic
49
Define: Isometric exercise
Exercise produces muscle tension, but there's no movement (staying still)
50
Define: Isotonic exercise
Limb movement with the same muscle tension (no staying still)
51
Define: Isokinetic exercise
Only in a kin lab

Kinesiology (12) (3 decks)

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