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Kinesiology (12) > Intro to Bones, Joints and Muscles > Flashcards

Intro to Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Structural Support
  2. Protection
  3. Growth Centre for Cells
  4. Reservoir of Minerals
  5. Movement
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2
Q

Define: Cartilage

bone

A

Strong, flexible tissue usually found lining joints and at the top of bones that gives structure

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3
Q

Define: Cancellous (spongy) bone

bone

A

Bone tissue where red blood cells are created

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4
Q

Define: Compact Bone

bone

A

Forms the hard, dense layer on the outside of the bone

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5
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Line and Epiphyseal Plate?

bone

A

Epiphyseal Line: the ossified epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal Plate: the cartilage that forms the growth plate

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6
Q

Define: Ossification

bone

A

The formation of bone; when osteoblasts and osteocytes form bone. In infants, when a baby’s cartilage is replaced by bone, that is ossification.

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7
Q

What are osteoblasts?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that build bone

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8
Q

What are osteocytes?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that are the building blocks of bone

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9
Q

What are osteoclasts?

(what is their function)

bone

A

Cells that reabsorb bone

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10
Q

Define: Osteoporosis

(basic description)

bone

A

A degenerative condition that involves low bone density and the deterioration of bone tissue

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11
Q

What are the 4 things you can do to prevent osteoporosis

bone

A
  1. Weight bearing exercise
  2. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
  3. No smoking or excessive alcohol consumption
  4. Bone density testing after 40
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

joints

A
  1. Cartilaginous
  2. Fibrous
  3. Synovial
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13
Q

Define: Articular Cartilage

joints

A

Located on the ends of bones that come in contact with one another

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14
Q

Define: Synovial Fluid

joints

A

Lubricant for the joint; held in the joint cavity

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15
Q

Define: Joint Capsule

joints

A

Consists of the synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

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16
Q

Define: Bursae

joints

A

Small fluid sacs found at friction points that act as a cushion

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17
Q

Define: Tendon

joints

A

Connects muscle to bone

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18
Q

Define: Ligament

joints

A

Connects bone to bone

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19
Q

Label the image 1-6:

joints

A
  1. Synovial Fluid
  2. Joint Capsule
  3. Tendons
  4. Bursae
  5. Articular Cartilage
  6. Ligaments
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20
Q

What is a shoulder joint dislocation?

joints

A

Where the humerus is displaced from the socket

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21
Q

List 3 signs/symptoms of a shoulder joint dislocation

joints

A

Significant pain, square appearance, inability to move the arm

22
Q

What are treatment options for a shoulder joint dislocation?

joints

A

Seek medical attention to put it back into place

23
Q

Define: Osgood-Schlatter disease (knee joint)

joints

A

Essentially growing pains; in the growth plate

24
Q

Define: Patellofemoral Syndrome (knee joint)

joints

A

A result of increased or misdirected forces on the patellofemoral joint

25
Q

What does ACL stand for?

joints

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

26
Q

Define: Ligament Tear (ACL)

joints

A

Severe blow to the lateral side of the knee

27
Q

Define: Inversion Sprain (ankle joint)

joints

A

“Rolled ankle” or “twisted ankle” commonly when in plantar flexion

28
Q

What does PIER stand for?

joints

A

Pressure, Ice, Elevation, Rest

29
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

joints

A

The erosion of the surfaces of bones at the point where they come together; causes joint pain, stiffness and restricted mobility

30
Q

What is cartilage damage?

joints

A

Known as torn cartilage; causes instability and pain

31
Q

Define: Sprain

joints

A

Twist/wrench of a muscle

32
Q

Define: Strain

joints

A

Pull or stretch/overuse of a muscle

33
Q

Define: Tear

joints

A

1st degree: only a few ligament fibres are stretched with minimal swelling
2nd degree: partially torn ligament with bruising, more swelling, and more pain
3rd degree: entire ligament is torn (or near to completely torn); surgery might be required

34
Q

True or False: A muscle can only push

muscles

A

False: A muscle can only pull

35
Q

What 2 things make up a sarcomere?

muscles

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
36
Q

Define: Motor Unit

muscles

A

Basic functional units of skeletal muscle; receives signals from the brain for muscles

37
Q

Explain the “all-or-none” principle

muscles

A

When a motor unit recieves a signal, all the muscle fibres of that unit with contract at the same time

38
Q

Put the Sliding Filament Theory in order:

muscles

39
Q

Define: Origin

muscles

A

least moveable part, usually on the axial skeleton

40
Q

Define: Insertion

muscles

A

most moveable part of the muscle

41
Q

Define: Function

muscles

A

what a muslce does when in use

42
Q

Define: Antagonistic Pairs

muscles

A

Opposing pairs made of agonist and antagonist muscles

43
Q

List 3 examples of antagonistic pairs

muscles

A
  1. Biceps/Triceps
  2. Quads/Hamstrings
  3. Gastrocnemius/Tibialus Anterior
44
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?

muscles

A
  1. Concentric
  2. Essentric
  3. Isometric
45
Q

Define: Concentric Contraction

muscles

A

Muscle is shortening as the contraction is happening

46
Q

Define: Eccentric Contraction

muscles

A

Muscle in lengthening as the contraction is happening

47
Q

Define: Isometric Contraction

muscles

A

Muscle is neither lengthening nor shortening while contracting

48
Q

What are the 3 types of exercises?

A

Isometric, Isotonic, Isokinetic

49
Q

Define: Isometric exercise

A

Exercise produces muscle tension, but there’s no movement (staying still)

50
Q

Define: Isotonic exercise

A

Limb movement with the same muscle tension (no staying still)

51
Q

Define: Isokinetic exercise

A

Only in a kin lab

Kinesiology (12) (3 decks)

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