Intro To Biotechnology Flashcards
What are the 4 major domains of Biotechnology?
~Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology
~Medical/Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
~Agricultural Biotechnology
~Diagnostic Research Biotechnology
What does SLOP mean?
Standard Laboratory Operating Procedures
Two reasons why it is important to maintain SLNB
~It becomes the historical record of all work.
~It may be required in court cases.
How do you fix incorrect entries in the SLNB?
You mark through it a single time and label in with your initials and the date.
How are pages in SLNB signed and witnessed?
~They are signed and dated at the bottom of the page.
~Also must be signed by someone who is not your lab partner.
What does REE mean?
Results with Evidence and Explanation
What does PE mean?
Possible Errors
What does PA mean?
Practical Applications
How far does biotechnology date back?
6000 B.C.
Why does biotech companies usually specialize in groups of similar products?
~similar manufacturing process ~same equipment ~same reagents ~more economical ~saves time in research and development
What are the steps of a product pipeline?
~Product identification ~Research and development ~Small scale manufacturing ~Testing the safety and efficacy ~Manufacturing ~Sales and marketing
What is the difference between large and small scale testing?
Small scale testing is more answering questions about the product and large scale testing is clinical trails under the FDA.
What is a clinical trial?
It is a series of testing that is done on pharmaceuticals and procedures. First the product is tested on a small group and the group gradually get larger as the process goes on. These tests are overseen by the FDA and take 10-15 years to complete.
What are 3 government agencies that monitor trials and production of biotech products.(Acronym and full name)
FDA~ Food and Drug Administration
EPA~Environmental Protection Agency
USDA~ United States Department of Agriculture
A _________ pipette is used to deliver a single specific volume of liquid.
Volumetric
A _________ pipette is calibrated into small divisions so that varying amounts of liquid can be measured.
Serological
Which pipette is more accurate?
Volumetric
What does TD printed on the neck of a pipette mean?
To deliver
What does TC printed on the neck of a pipette mean?
To contain
Which pipette is a blow out pipette?
Serological
How do you read a meniscus?
You take the measurement of the bottom of the line.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Recombinant DNA
When you take genetic material from two organisms and combine them.
What is the variable in an experiment?
It is the part of the experiment that is caused by reaction.
What is the control in an experiment?
It is the part of the experiment that the scientist can control
Defined as any technique that uses-_____________ or their products to make or modify a product, to improve ____________, or to develop _______ for specific uses.
Living organisms
Plants or Animal
Microorganism
Things to avoid when using a micro pipettes
~Never use micro pipettes without the tip
~Keep pipettes vertical at all times
What do the two stops on a micro pipette mean?
1st~ To get the set volume
2nd~ Removes full volume, evacuating the tip
What has biotechnology revolutionized the development of?
Creating recombinant DNA
What does recombinant DNA create
New combos of DNA
What was the first genetically engineered products?
Tissue plasminogen activator or t.PA
Scientists genetically modified CHO cells
Blood clot dissolving enzyme
First GMO to create human proteins
Esherchia coli or E. coli
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
Regulates use and production of plants and animals
Decide which animal is acceptable to clone
FDA
Federal Drug Administration
Regulate use and production of food, feed, veterinary and animal drugs
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
Regulate use of microbial agents
Strategy for classifying issues in bioethics
~ID and understand issue ~List the solutions to the issue ~ID pros and cons ~Rank all solutions ~Decide your position and be prepared to describe and defend it
Define Biotechnology
The study and manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
What does GMO stand for?
Genetically Modified Organisms