Intro To Biomolecules

Question 1

What’s the general formula of monosaccharides?

Answer 1

CnH2nOn

Question 2

What’s the meaning of an asymmetrical carbon?

Answer 2

Chiral carbon

Question 3

How do you calculate the amount of isomers in a compound?

Answer 3

1. Find number of chiral carbons
2. 2^n

Question 4

What’s the definition of sterioisomers?

Answer 4

Same molecular formula
Dif. Arrangement in space

Question 5

What’s an Enantiomer?

Answer 5

Sterioisomers w. Non-superimposable mirror images (chiral carbon)

Question 6

What are D and L isomers?

Answer 6

D -> find chiral carbon + if -OH is on the right
L -> find chiral carbon + if -OH is on the left
(If there are multiple chiral carbons, take the one farthest form C=O)

Question 7

What’s an anomeric carbon?

Answer 7

A carbon that:
- in its acyclic form isn’t a steriocentre
- in cyclic form is a steriocentre
- C is linked to 2xO

Question 8

What’s the name of a 5 membered and 6 membered ring?

Answer 8

5 -> furanoses
6 -> pyranoses

Question 9

In nucleic acids which C is deemed as Carbon no.1?

Answer 9

• linked to O-N link between sugar and nucleic acid
• meaning no.5 is between sugar and phosphate group

Question 10

What’s the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

Answer 10

Nucleoside = only a base and a sugar

Question 11

Are essential or non-essential amino acids synthesised for by the human body?

Answer 11

-Non-essential amino acids are synthesised for by the body.
-essential amino acids from food

Question 12

How many amino acids can the human body synthesise?

Answer 12

10

Question 13

Are lipids soluble or insoluble?

Answer 13

Insoluble

Question 14

How do you use the numerical symbol for naming lipids.
Eg for… CH3(CH2)6C=CCH2C=C(CH2)9COOH

Answer 14

22:2^11,14
Number of C : number of double bonds ^ location of double bonds starting from COOH end (most reactive)