Intro to Biochem Vocab

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

compounds that has both Carbon and Hydrogen in it (C2H6,C6H12O6,Ch4)

Question 2

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 2

compounds that doesn’t have both Carbon and Hydrogen in it (NaCl, H2O, CO2)

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

compounds that has carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; important for energy (glucose, sucrose, starch)

Question 4

Lipid

Answer 4

compounds that has Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, but not in definite ratio. Important for energy storage and insulation; makes up cell membranes (Cholesterol, fat). non-polar. Vitamins A,D,E,K.

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

compound made of polypeptides, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a little sulfur. Important for enzymes, structure, antibodies, hormones. (Hemoglobin, collagen)

Question 6

Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

compounds made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous; important in genetics (DNA and RNA)

Question 7

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 7

a reaction that puts together molecules; adds monomers together to make polymers (Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = disaccharide)

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

a reaction that breaks apart molecules; takes polymers and breaks them into monomers (Disaccharide broken into 2 Monosaccharides)

Question 9

Monosaccharide

Answer 9

a simple sugar; just 1 ring (glucose)

Question 10

Disaccharide

Answer 10

2 sugars together- 2 rings (sucrose)

Question 11

Polysaccharide

Answer 11

many sugars put together - many rings (cellulose, starch, glycogen)

Question 12

Starch

Answer 12

a polysaccharide found only in plants

Question 13

glycogen

Answer 13

a polysaccharide found in animals; animal starch; stored in liver; stored form of glucose

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

a polysaccharide found only in plants- surrounds cell walls

Question 15

amino acid

Answer 15

building blocks of protein; builds muscle

Question 16

nucleotide

Answer 16

building blocks of nucleic acids; composed of 1 sugar, 1 base, and 1 phosphate

Question 17

dipeptide

Answer 17

2 amino acids put together; joined by peptide bond

Question 18

glycerol

Answer 18

one of the building blocks of lipid; C3H8O3

Question 19

fatty acid

Answer 19

one of building blocks of lipid; 3 of these make up side chains of lipid

Question 20

saccharide

Answer 20

simple sugar

Question 21

phosphorous

Answer 21

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL. P. atomic #15. Inverse relationship with calcium.

Question 22

peptide

Answer 22

molecule that contains 2 or more amino acids

Question 23

amino group

Answer 23

consists single Nitrogen bonded to 2 Hydrogen atoms

Question 24

hydroxyl group

Answer 24

group that attaches to some molecules containing an O and H atom (oxygen and hydrogen) bonded together

Question 25

CO2

Answer 25

1 Carbon covalently double bonded to 2 Oxygen atoms

Question 26

Methyl group

Answer 26

alkyl derived from Methane. CH3