Intro to Bacterial Pathogens and Infection

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

The growth and multiplication of microorganisms that result in damage to the host

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

cause damage to the host

Question 3

source/ reservoir

Answer 3

soil, other people, zoonosis

Question 4

vector

Answer 4

living organism that transmits and infectious agent

Question 5

fomites

Answer 5

nonliving objects that transmit infectious agents

Question 6

Nosocomial infection

Answer 6

hospital acquired infection

Question 7

complement system (protection against infection)

Answer 7

activates and enhances phagocytes

Question 8

coagulation system (protection against infection)

Answer 8

can wall off infection through barrier production

Question 9

Phagocytes

Answer 9

neutrophils and macrophages (innate non-specific)

Question 10

immunocytes

Answer 10

T cells, B cells, NK cells (adaptive specific)

Question 11

Virulence

Answer 11

ability of an organism to cause disease

Question 12

Virulence factor-

Pili

Answer 12

help organisms attach

Question 13

Virulence factor- Enzymes

Answer 13

hyaluronidase and collagenase

destroy host tissue (staph and strep)

Question 14

Virulence factor-

Capsule formation

Answer 14

inhibits phagocytosis

Question 15

Virulence factors - Toxins

Answer 15

Damage tissue

Question 16

exotoxins

Answer 16

produced by gram + organisms

Question 17

endotoxins

Answer 17

produced by gram - organisms

Question 18

Pathogenicity islands

Answer 18

virulence genes are shared. Pieces of genetic material are incorporated with each other

Question 19

Commensalism

Answer 19

organism benefits and host is not harmed.

Question 20

Colonizers

Answer 20

bacteria that survive on the surface, but do not penetrate to deeper tissues or organs, they do not cause infection

Question 21

Host factors

Answer 21

distinction between a pathogen and a colonizer

Question 22

Opportunistic pathogens

Answer 22

organisms that only cause infection when host defenses are compromised

Question 23

diagnosis of infectious agents begins

Answer 23

with a good specimen

Question 24

Improper processing

Answer 24

want to give organism everything it needs to survive in vitro, proper nutrients, atmosphere

Question 25

Improper transport

Answer 25

temperature , pH and O2 levels can be crucial to organism survival

Question 26

Improper specimen collection-

Answer 26

affects the quality of the culture.

Question 27

energy is stored in bonds

Answer 27

when an electron is transferred from one molecule to another, it carries energy with it

Question 28

If the final electron acceptor is Oxygen

Answer 28

aerobic respiration in metabolic precess

Question 29

If the final electron acceptor is not Oxygen

Answer 29

anaerobic respiration or fermentation occurred in metabolic process

Question 30

Strict aerobe

Answer 30

needs oxygen- it cannot grow in the absence of Oxygen

Question 31

Strict anaerobe

Answer 31

it cannot grow in the presence of Oxygen

Question 32

Capnophiles

Answer 32

require 5-10% of CO2

Question 33

Microaerophiles/ microaerobe

Answer 33

require little Oxygen and little CO2

Question 34

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 34

organisms that can use aerobic or anaerobic respiration

Question 35

Aerotolerant Anaerobe

Answer 35

grows best in the absence of oxygen, but can tolerant a little oxygen