intro to bacteria

Question 1

a gram POSITIVE cell wall contains… (3)

Answer 1

plasma membrane, periplasmic space and peptidoglycan

Question 2

a gram NEGATIVE cell wall contains… (4)

Answer 2

plasma membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan and an outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharide(!) and protein

Question 3

in microscopy, gram positive organisms stain…

Answer 3

purple

Question 4

in microscopy, gram negative organisms stain…

Answer 4

red/pink

Question 5

cocci are what shape?

Answer 5

spherical

Question 6

bacilli are what shape?

Answer 6

rod shaped

Question 7

streptococci are shaped like…

Answer 7

chains

Question 8

staphylococci are shaped like…

Answer 8

a “bunch of grapes”

Question 9

cell surface contains… (3)

Answer 9

• plasma/cytopasmic membrane
• penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) cross links
• pepidoglycan/murein

Question 10

function of bacterial capsule?

Answer 10

The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages

Question 11

function of flagellum (tail-like bit)?

Answer 11

motility

Question 12

function of fimbriae?

Answer 12

adherence

Question 13

what is a plasmid?

Answer 13

a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA

Question 14

how do bacteria replicate?

Answer 14

by binary fission

Question 15

how do bacteria achieve genetic variation? (2)

Answer 15

• spontaneous mutation

- transfer of DNA