intro to autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what is autonomic nervous system for?

Answer 1

it provides routine homeostasis adjustment

Question 2

where are preganglionic neurons positioned at?

Answer 2

preganglionic neurons body lie in CNS and send axons to synapse on ganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia outside the CNS

Question 3

where are postganglionic neurons found at?

Answer 3

post ganglionic body lie in ganglia and axons are usually unmyelinated

Question 4

what is somatic nervous system? (characteristic)

Answer 4

it supply to skeletal muscle
is a one neuron system
is voluntary
only uses one neurotransmitter
is a fast system 
does not have opposing force to regulate the body

Question 5

what is autonomic nervous system? (characteristic)

Answer 5

supply to smooth muscle 
two neuron system
involuntary (sympathetic and para)
uses several neurotransmitter
is a slow system
has a opposing force

Question 6

what fiber releases ACH

Answer 6

chlolinergic fibers

Question 7

what fibers release norepinephrine?

Answer 7

adrenergic fibers

Question 8

what is the sympathetic division?

Answer 8

it is the fight or flight response and it prepares the body for stress and activity

supplies the entire body and is controlled by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus

consist of the thoracolumbar region T1-L2

Question 9

what is parasympathetic division?

Answer 9

it is rest and response
it maintains homeostasis at rest
keep energy use as low as possible

nerves come from the craniosacral area
supplies all parts of the body except skin (less distribution as compared to sympathetic)

Question 10

what happens during sympathetic division when we are in emergency?

Answer 10

increases the essential activities and temporarily reduces non-essential activities (GI motility)

Question 11

what happens during sympathetic division when we are doing physical exercise?

Answer 11

constrict blood vessels
dilate bronchioles in the lungs to increase airlfow and O2 to cells
stimulate the liver to release more glucose into the blood

Question 11

what happens during sympathetic division when we are doing physical exercise?

Answer 11

constrict blood vessels
dilate bronchioles in the lungs to increase airlfow and O2 to cells
stimulate the liver to release more glucose into the blood

Question 12

where does the sympathetic chain ganglia target ?

Answer 12

visceral effectors in thoracic cavity, head, body wall and limbs

Question 13

where does the collateral ganglia (unpaired) targets?

Answer 13

visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity

Question 14

where does the adrenal medulla (paired) target?

Answer 14

organs and system throughout the body

Question 15

where does the sympathetic division branched from?

Answer 15

T1-L2

Question 16

which nerve has the highest percentage of parasympathetic outflow?

Answer 16

vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

Question 17

where does the parasympathetic nerve originate from?

Answer 17

brain stem 3,7,9,10
and
S2-4

Question 18

what is the route for parasympathetic from cranial nerve III?

Answer 18

ocular cranial nerve
ciliary ganglion
intrinsic eye muscles (pupil and lens shape)

Question 19

what is the route for parasympathetic from cranial nerve VII?

Answer 19

facial nerve
pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
nasal glands, tear glands and salivary glands

Question 20

what is the route for parasympathetic from cranial nerve IX?

Answer 20

glossopharyngeal nerve
otic ganglion
parotid salivary glands

Question 21

what is the route for parasympathetic from cranial nerve X?

Answer 21

vagus nerve
intramural ganglia
visceral organs of neck, throacic cavity and most of abdominal cavity

Question 22

what is the route for parasympathetic from S2-4?

Answer 22

pelvic nerves
intramural ganglia
visceral organs in inferior portion of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 22

what is the route for parasympathetic from S2-4?

Answer 22

pelvic nerves
intramural ganglia
visceral organs in inferior portion of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 23

what is dual innervation?

Answer 23

when organs receive input from both systems
they counterbalance to keep our body system running
both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems intermingle to form autonomic plexus