Intro to Autonomic Nervous and RAA systems

Question 1

2 categories of sympathomimetics

Answer 1

Direct agents & indirect agents

Question 2

What are direct sympathomimetics?

Answer 2

Agonists that bind & activate alpha or beta receptors

Question 3

What are indirect sympathomimetics?

Answer 3

Promote the release of neurotransmitters

Question 4

Is norepinephrine more selective for alpha or beta receptors?

Answer 4

More selective for alpha

Question 5

Is epinephrine more selective for alpha or beta receptors?

Answer 5

Neither; equally active for both

Question 6

Does isoproterenol engage alpha or beta receptors?

Answer 6

Beta receptors exclusively

Question 7

Effects of IV norepinephrine on HR, BP, & peripheral resistance

Answer 7

Reduces HR
Increases BP
Increases peripheral resistance

Question 8

Sympathetic nerves arise from _______ and ______.

Have a ______ pre-ganglionic and ______ post ganglionic

Answer 8

thoracic and lumbar

short pre-ganglionic
long post ganglionic

Question 9

Parasympathetic NS includes cranial nerves _____,_____,____,_____.

Have a ______ pre-ganglionic and ______ post ganglionic

Answer 9

III,VII,IX, X

Long pre ganglionic
short post ganglionic

Question 10

Sympathetic division pre ganglionic are ______, whereas post ganglionic are ______ and release _________

Answer 10

cholinergic; adrenergic; ACH

Question 11

Sympathetic tone (vasomotor) controls _________ and keeps ________in a continual state of constriction

Answer 11

blood pressure; blood vessels

Question 12

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter at ganglion: acetylcholine
Receptor at ganglion: nicotinic
Neurotransmitter at target: Norepinephrine *
Receptor at target: Alpha and Beta*

sweat glands transmission due to acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors

Question 13

Parasympathetic Innervation

Answer 13

Neurotransmitter at ganglion: acetylcholine
Receptor at ganglion: nicotinic
Neurotransmitter at target: acetylcholine
Receptor at target: muscarinic

Question 14

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Occulomotor (III)

Answer 14

Ganglion: Cilliary
Effector organs: eye

Question 15

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Facial (VII)

Answer 15

Ganglion: Pterygopalatin, Submandibular
Effector Organs: salivary, nasal, and lacrimal glands

Question 16

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Answer 16

Ganglion: Otic
Effector Organs: parotid salivary glands

Question 17

Parasympathetic cranial outflow: Vagus (X)

Answer 17

Ganglion: located within the walls of target organs
Effector organs: heart, lungs, and most visceral organs

Question 18

Output in an autonomic reflex arc involves _____ motor neurons

Answer 18

2 - A and B

Question 19

Integrating neurons A) is in ______ B) is in the ______

Answer 19

A) CNS B) autonomic ganglion

Question 20

Indirect-acting antagonists increase the concentration of a neurotransmitter at the synapse by inhibiting transmitter in activation ___________ and ____________. Increasing transmitter release _____________, or blocking transmitter reuptake( __________ and ____________)

Answer 20

cholinesterase inhibitors and MAOI

Amphetamine

Cocaine and SSRIs