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athletic injuries + sport first aid > intro to athletic injuries > Flashcards

intro to athletic injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main differences b/w ATs and PTs?

A

populations (AT = athletes; PT - athletes and more); environment (ATs are on the field for rapid response, etc.; PTs > athletes’ rehab and don’t travel with the teams); pay (PTs get paid more, especially if dual credential in sports)

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2
Q

anatomical position

A
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3
Q

midline

A

separates the body as it is in the anatomical position into 2 halves, left and right

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4
Q

anterior

A

also ventral, the front of the body

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5
Q

posterior

A

aka dorsal, the back of the body

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6
Q

superior

A

also cranial, cephalic; towards the head

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7
Q

inferior

A

also caudal; towards the feet

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8
Q

medial

A

closer to the midline or inside of the body

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9
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline/outside of the body

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10
Q

distal

A

farther from the midline/center of the body compared to another body part

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11
Q

proximal

A

closer to the midline/torso/center of the body in comparison to another body part

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12
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface of the skin

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13
Q

deep

A

farther down the surface of the skin

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14
Q

supination

A

palms up; term is in reference to the elbow and the wrist

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15
Q

pronation

A

palms down (in reference to the elbow and wrist)

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16
Q

flexion

A

decrease the angle b/w two bones; aka “to bend”

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17
Q

extension

A

increase in angle b/w two bones; aka “to straighten”

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18
Q

abduction

A

away from the midlinee

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19
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

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20
Q

dorsiflexion

A

pointing the foot towards the body

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21
Q

plantar flexion

A

pointing the foot away from the body

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22
Q

inversion

A

sole of the foot is turned inwards

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23
Q

eversion

A

sole of the foot is turned outwards

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24
Q

acute vs. chronic injury

A

acute injury - specific event causes sudden start of symptoms
chronic injury - slow repetitive motion results in a painful inflammatory condition

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25
Q

What are examples of acute injuries?

A

bone break or fracture, strain, ligament tear

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26
Q

What are examples of chronic injuries?

A

bursitis, tendonitis, stress fracture

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27
Q

ligament

A

soft tissue attaches bone to bone

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28
Q

tendon

A

soft tissue attaching muscle to bone

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29
Q

What are the most common forces that cause injury?

A

compression, tension, shear

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30
Q

compression

A

force that causes injury like a bruise; think of this as a PB and J sandwich smashed together with jelly spitting out

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31
Q

tension

A

think of this force like pulling a string at both ends until you can’t hold it anymore; leading to injuries like sprains and strains

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32
Q

What is the one main difference between rolling your ankle and spraining your ankle?

A

the amount of force involved causing the injury

33
Q

shear

A

easiest force causing injury; combination of tension and compression; ACL tear, e.g

34
Q

What is a muscle strain?

A

a rip or tear in the muscle, whether partial or full

35
Q

Grade 1 muscle strain

A

considered a micro tear and cannot be felt by PT

36
Q

Grade 2 muscle strain

A

partial tear of the muscle

37
Q

Grade 3 muscle strain

A

full tear, or rupture, of the muscle

38
Q

What is a sprain?

A

a traumatic injury to a ligament, ranging from Grade 1 to Grade 3

39
Q

musculotendinous junction

A

aka MTJ; where muscle transitions to tendon as it approaches bone

40
Q

From weakest to strongest, list the parts of muscle.

A

musculotendonous joint, muscle, tendon

41
Q

Why is the tendon strongest b/w MTJ and muscle?

A

b/c the tendon acts as the anchor point b/w muscle, MTJ, and bone

42
Q

PROM

A

passive range of motion, meaning the athletic trainer is moving the athlete’s joint for them completely thru available ROM

43
Q

AROM

A

active range of motion, meaning the athlete moves his or her own joint thru full available ROM

44
Q

When is resistive ROM used?

A
  1. when PT has you “move against my hand” a certain joint or extremity
  2. when you lift weights/use dumbbells
45
Q

For rehab, in what order should a PT approach ROMs?

A

START with PROM
NEXT go with AAROM (active assisted ROM)
THEN go to AROM
‘END’ with RROM

46
Q

If there is pain in AROM but not PROM, what is likely the issue?

A

the issue is likely due to a problem with the muscle or tendon

47
Q

If there is pain in PROM but not AROM, what is likely the issue?

A

the issue is most likely not-muscle related

48
Q

inflammation

A

localized condition of the body that leads to symptoms such as redness and swelling; however, signs of this kickstart the recovery process

49
Q

When does an injury become “chronic”?

A

w/ the suffix “itis”; swelling that’s so bad it equates to loss of function and pain, heat, and redness

50
Q

What are the main signs of inflammation?

A
  1. loss of function
  2. heat
  3. swelling
  4. redness
  5. pain
51
Q

treatment for inflammation

A
  1. protection
  2. rest
  3. ice
  4. compression
  5. elevation
52
Q

ice for treating inflammation

A

ice pack placed on a barrier b/w it and skin; 20 mins, every 2 hours/as needed; no fewer 7 mins on

53
Q

cryotherapy

A

“cold therapy” that numbs affected structure upon impact

54
Q

What is the most effective treatment option for inflammation?

A

depends on the situation, but there is a more dangerous option (cryotherapy spray + gel ice pack)

55
Q

muscle contusions

A

aka bruises due to some form of direct blow; categorized in grades 1, 2, and 3

56
Q

cramps

A

not a strain, but rather an involuntary contraction that’s often due to an electrolyte balance; poor nutrition and dehydration also potential causes

57
Q

spasm

A

reflex reaction often secondary to a form of trauma; also not a strain

58
Q

articular cartilage

A

semi-firm cartilage found in joints; connective tissue + ground substance -> “wax coating” on top of bones

59
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa sacs found in synovial joints

60
Q

apophysitis

A

pain due to inflammation of bony prominence secondary to muscle tension, often caused by tendon pulling on the muscle

61
Q

subluxation

A

partial separation of a joint often caused by instability in that joint

62
Q

dislocation

A

full separation of a joint; pain and swelling often associated here

63
Q

What are the signs of a dislocation injury?

A
  1. deformity
  2. pain
  3. swelling
  4. loss of function
64
Q

reduction

A

when a doctor puts dislocated joint back into place

65
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  1. structural support
  2. organ protection
  3. movement
  4. production of blood cells
66
Q

What are the types of fractures?

A
  1. simple
  2. compound
  3. stress
  4. avulsion
  5. greenstick
  6. comminuted
  7. transverse
  8. longitudinal
67
Q

fracture

A
68
Q

What are the main types of nerve injury?

A
69
Q

What is the most common symptoms of nerve injuries?

A
70
Q

modalities

A
71
Q

ultrasound

A
72
Q

stim machine

A
73
Q

HIVA mat

A
74
Q

What are the stages of healing?

A
75
Q

inflammatory stage of healing

A
76
Q

proliferation

A
77
Q

maturation/remodeling

A
78
Q

What are some factors that could delay healing?

A

athletic injuries + sport first aid (1 decks)

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