Intro to ANS Flashcards
Principal target organs of sympathetic
Eye (dilation of pupil)
Trachea and bronchioles - dilation via Adrenaline in the blood (no direct innervation)
Liver - glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis
Adipose - lipolysis Kidney - increased renin secretion
Ureters + bladder - relaxed detrusor + constriction of trigone and sphincter = no pee
Salivary glands - thick secretion
Skin - increased pilo erection + sweating
Heart - increased HR + contractility
Gastro - decreased motility and tone + sphincter contraction
BV - skeletal muscle dilation
BV - constriction (skin, mucous mem, splanchnic area)
Principal target organs of parasympathetic
Eye - constriction (pupil), contraction (ciliary muscle of lens)
Trachea + bronchioles - constriction
Ureters + bladder - contraction of detrusor, relaxation of trigone and sphincter = pee
Salivary glands - lots of watery secretion
Heart - decreased HR + contractility
Gastro - increased motility and tone + increased secretions
Neurotransmitters released from:
Preganglionic para
Postganglionic para
Pre symp
Post symp
para = all ACh
Pre sympathetic = ACh
Post sympathetic = NA/A (via postsynaptic sympathetic nerve or via the bloodstream from adrenal medulla) + ACh (e.g. effector for sweat gland)
List the types of cholinergic receptor
Type 1: Ionotropic - ion channel - at all autonomic ganglia, stimulated by nicotine and ACh
Type 2: Muscarinic - GPCR - at all effector organs innervated by postganglionic parasympathetic fibres - stimulated by muscarine/ACh
- M1 - neural - (forebrain - learning and memory)
- M2 - cardiac (brain - inhibitory autoreceptors)
- M3 - exocrine and smooth muscle (hypothalamus - food intake)
- M4 - periphery - prejunctional nerve endings - inhibitory
- M5 - striatal dopamine release
Pupil dilation is under ……… control
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic controls pupil constriction
What is special neuronally about the adrenal gland?
It’s the only tissue innervated by one autonomic nerve; there is only one sympathetic preganglionic fibre projecting into the adrenal medulla.
Somatic nervous system structure and NT
1 long neurone, using ACh as an NT
Describe the structure and transmission within the enteric nervous system.
Which of the following effects would be observed after blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in an individual at rest?
bronchoconstriction
increased sweat production
constipation
increased urinary frequency
short-sightedness
constipation
Describe types of adrenergic receptors
- a1 - smooth muscle
- a2 - presynaptic nerves
- b1 - heart
- b2 - smooth muscle
Summarise the synthesis, release and metabolism of ACh
Summarise the synthesis, release and metabolism of NA
