Intro To Animal Science Test Flashcards
Cattle feed efficiency
7:1 with a desired gain of 3 pounds per day
Swine feed efficiency
3:1 with a desired gain of 2 lbs. per day
Sheep feed efficiency
5:1 with a desired gain of .75 lbs. per day
Poultry feed efficiency
Best at almost 1:1
Scientific name for sheep
Ovis
Scientific name for cattle
Bos
Scientific name for swine
Sus
Scientific name for horses
Equis
Scientific name for chicken
Gallus
Group of sheep
Flock
Group of cattle
Herd
Group of swine
Herd
Group of horses
Band
Group of chicken
Flock
Define domestication and why we do it
Animals have been brought under control, improved through genetic selection, and mated to improve the products which are useful to mankind
Three categories of classification based on what the animal eats
Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore
What is the largest cost in the production of livestock?
Feed
Rate of gain
The average of how much weight the animal gained each day while it was on feed
Feed efficiency
How many pounds of feed per pound of gain
Ration
Amount and content of feed fed to an animal each day
List the eight main systems in an animal’s body
Skeletal, muscular, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory, urinary
What are the two purposes of the skeletal system
Provide support for the body
Protection for the soft organs of the body
What minerals make up bone
Calcium, phosphate, calcium carbonate
What system are we most concerned about with raising livestock
Muscular
What does the muscular system do
Provides ability of movement in cooperation of skeletal system
List the two types of muscle
Voluntary, involuntary
What acids are muscles made up of
Amino acids which are the building blocks of muscles
Definition of circulatory system
Provides food and oxygen to the body and filters waste materials from the body
Four main parts of the circulatory system
Heart, veins, arteries, lymph glands
Essentials for smooth running circulatory are
Vitamins, minerals, proteins,carbohydrates
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
To provide oxygen to the blood of the animal
List the seven parts of the respiratory system
Lungs,nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea
What is the purpose of the nervous system?
To coordinate the sense of the animal
List the two main parts of the nervous system
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
What is the central nervous system made up of
The brain and spinal cord
What is the central nervous system responsible for
Coordinating movement and all senses.
What is the peripheral nervous system responsible for?
Controlling the functions of the body tissues including the organs
What nutrient is important for keeping the peripheral system functioning properly
Protein
Purpose of the urinary system
Remove waste material from blood
List the four primary parts of the urinary system
Bladder, ureters, urethra, kidneys
What is the endocrine system also called
The hormone system
Purpose of the endocrine system
Regulates many activities of the body like growth, reproduction, milk, breathing rate
Purpose of digestive system
Provide for for the body and all of its systems
List the three types of digestive systems in agriculture
Ruminant, monogastric, poultry
Examples of ruminant animal roughages
Hay, grass, silage
Examples of ruminant animals
Horses, sheep, goats
Definition of feed efficiency
How many pounds of feed are fed per pound of gain in muscle and meat
What are the four compartments of a ruminant animals stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
What is the importance of the rumen compartment
Largest compartment, main storage compartment, allows the breaking down of roughages
What nutrient can ruminant animals manufacture
Vitamins (ex. B-complex)
What is a monogastric stomach
Stomach with one compartment
Where will most digestion take place in a monogastric stomach
Small intestine
What should a monogastric animal’s diet be like
Low in roughages, high in concentrates
How does a poultry digestive system work?
Food is stored in the crop and then passed down to the gizzard and then into the small intestines for digestion
What are the six major classes of nutrients
Water, vitamins, minerals,protein, fats, carbohydrates
What is the least expensive nutrient
Water
What is the importance of water
Keeping body shape, keeping body temp. normal
If an animal is not eating, what should you first check
It’s water
What are some sources of protein
Oilseed, haylage, animal protein, urea
What are carbohydrates used for
Growth, maintenance, reproduction, work, lactation
What are carbs turned into if not used quickly enough
Fat
Simple sugar sources of carbs
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are some compound sugar sources in carbs
Sucrose, maltose, lactose
What are complex sugar sources of carbs
Starch, cellulose
What are some sources of carbohydrates
Corn, wheat, barley, non-legume hay
Purpose of minerals are most important to what items
Skeleton, soft tissues, body fluid, endocrine system, circulatory system, urinary system, nervous system
List the major minerals
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, potassium, sulfur
List the minor minerals
Iron, iodine, cobalt, copper, fluorine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc
What is the purpose of vitamins
Acts as catalysts for other body processes
What do vitamins aid in
Blood clotting, forming bones, reproducing, keeping membranes healthy, producing milk, preventing nervous system disorders
Purpose of fat
Increase texture, flavor, and palatability of meat.
Increases milk production, necessary for for fat soluble vitamins
