Intro to Anatomy and the Body Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
- upright - face forward (and eyes) - upper limbs on each side with palms facing forwards - feet together
anterior
front
posterior
back
superior
above
inferior
below
medial
towards middle
lateral
to the outer side
proximal
close to / close to root of limb
distal
farthest away
superficial
near the surface
deep (profundus)
away from the surface
peripheral
away from the centre/ on the periphery or boundary
central
at/close to the centre
dexter/dextra
right side
sinister/sinistra
left side
ipsilateral
appearing on the same side of body
contralateral
appearing on opposite side of body
unilateral
affecting one side of body
bilateral
affecting both sides of body
cranium
skull
cephalon
head
cervix
neck
truncus/corpus
body
extremity
limb
costa
rib
brachium
arm
antebrachium
forearm
digit
finger or toe
sagital plane
coronal plane
transverse plane
Where is the epidermis located?
outer layer of skin
Where is the dermis located?
between the epidermis and subcuteneous layer
Where is the subcutaneous layer located?
deepest layer of skin (below epidermis and dermis)
What does the epidermis consist of?
epithelial cells
What does the dermis consist of?
dense thick connective tissue, contains blood capilaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair folicules and other structures
What does the subcutaneous layer consist of?
fat, fascia
What are the functions of the skin?
- protection
- sensory receptors - (pain, temp, pressure, touch, proprioception)
- heat regulation - (hair, sweat glands, blood vessels)
What are the two types of sweat glands?
merocrine - acid secretion
apocrine - alkali secretion, become active during puberty, bacteria
What are langer lines?
they correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibres in the dermis
(cut along these lines to reduce scarring)
