Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of internal and external organs

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of how living organisms carry out their vital functions.

Question 3

Gross anatomy

Answer 3

considers features visible with the unaided eye.

Question 4

Surface anatomy

Answer 4

the study of general form and superficial markings.

Question 5

Regional anatomy

Answer 5

considers all the superficial and internal features in a specific region of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk.

Question 6

Systematic anatomy

Answer 6

considers the structure of major organ systems, which are groups of organs that work together in a coordinated manner. For example, the heart, blood, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system, which circulates oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

Question 7

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 7

concerns structures that we cannot see without magnification.

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

analyzes the internal structure of individual cells.

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

examines tissues, groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to carry out specific functions

Question 10

Cell physiology

Answer 10

the study of the functions of living cells. Cell physiology includes events at the chemical or molecular levels—chemical processes both within cells and between cells.

Question 11

Special physiology

Answer 11

the study of the physiology of specific organs. Examples include renal physiology (kidney function) and cardiac physiology (heart function).

Question 12

Systematic physiology

Answer 12

considers all aspects of the function of specific organ systems.

Question 13

Pathological physiology

Answer 13

the study of the effects of diseases on organ or system functions.

Question 14

Describe how anatomy and physiology are closely related.

Answer 14

The two subjects are interrelated. Anatomical details provide clues about probable functions. Physiological processes can be explained only in terms of their underlying anatomy.

Question 15

Would a histologist more likely be considered a specialist in microscopic anatomy or in gross anatomy? Why?

Answer 15

Microscopic anatomy because histologists specialize in understanding anatomy at a microscopic scale, which makes them experts in microscopic anatomy rather than gross anatomy.

Question 16

How do vital functions such as responsiveness, growth, reproduction, and movement depend on metabolism?

Answer 16

Metabolism is fundamental to all of these vital functions because it provides the energy and the biochemical materials necessary for cells and tissues to perform essential activities. From generating ATP for muscle contraction to synthesizing complex molecules required for growth and reproduction, metabolism is the biochemical engine that powers life processes.