Intro to Anatomy

Question 1

anatomy =?

Answer 1

study of the structure AND function of a living organism

Question 2

physiology =?

Answer 2

study of the mechanisms of the living organism
(how does the structure carry out function?)

Question 3

lung example for anatomy and physiology

Answer 3

structure: right (3 lobes), left (2 lobes)
function: ventilation and respiration
physiology: pressure changes and diffusion

Question 4

surface branch of anatomy

Answer 4

study of the form (morphology) and marking of surface of body

Question 5

gross branch of anatomy

Answer 5

study of structures that can be examined without microscope

Question 6

systems branch of anatomy

Answer 6

study of specific systems of body such as nervous system or respiratory system

Question 7

regional branch of anatomy

Answer 7

study of a specific region of body such as head or chest

Question 8

radiographic branch of anatomy

Answer 8

study of structure of body that includes x-ray use

Question 9

developmental branch of anatomy

Answer 9

study of development from fertilized egg to adult form

Question 10

embryology branch of anatomy

Answer 10

study of development from fertilized egg through the eighth week in utero

Question 11

histology branch of anatomy

Answer 11

microscopic study of structure of tissues

Question 12

cytology branch of anatomy

Answer 12

chemical and microscopic study of structure of cells

Question 13

pathology branch of anatomy

Answer 13

study of structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Question 14

levels of organization for organism anatomy/physiology (6)

Answer 14

chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 15

what is the anatomical position?

Answer 15

• common visual reference point
• palms facing forward

Question 16

axial region=?

Answer 16

head, neck, trunk

Question 17

appendicular region=?

Answer 17

extremities

Question 18

frontal plane (AKA, divides body into)

Answer 18

• AKA coronal plane
• divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves

Question 19

anterior=?

Answer 19

front

Question 20

posterior=?

Answer 20

back

Question 21

planar movements=?

Answer 21

parallel to the plane
“wiping glass pane”

Question 22

axis of rotation=?

Answer 22

perpendicular to the plane

Question 23

frontal plane movements:
- extremities
- trunk and head

Answer 23

extremities
- abduction
- adduction

trunk and head
- right and left bending

Question 24

abduction = ?
adduction = ?

Answer 24

abduction = away from midline
adduction = toward from midline

Question 25

transverse plane AKA, divides body into

Answer 25

AKA horizontal plane
divides body into upper and lower halves

Question 26

transverse plane movements
- extremities
- trunk and head

Answer 26

extremities
- internal (towards axis) and external (away from axis) rotation

trunk and head
- right and left rotation

Question 27

sagittal plane divides body into ?

Answer 27

divides body into right and left parts

Question 28

mid-sagittal = ?
para-sagittal = ?

Answer 28

mid-sagittal = equal right/left division
para-sagittal = unequal right/left division

Question 29

sagittal plane movements
- extremities
- trunk and head

Answer 29

extremities
- flexion, extension, hyperextension
trunk and head
- flexion, extension

Question 30

Dorsal body cavity is subdivided into: (2)

Answer 30

cranial cavity
- inside skull… houses brain and fluid

vertebral cavity
- spans vertebral column… houses spinal cord and fluid

Question 31

Ventral body cavity’s 2 main divisions;
separated by ?

what does it contain

how many cavities?

Answer 31

Contains visceral organs or viscera

2 main divisions (separated by diaphragm):
thoracic cavity (floor = diaphragm)
- surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest
- heart, lungs, esophagus
abdominopelvic cavity (ceiling = diaphragm)
- surrounded by abdominal walls and pelvic girdle

3 total cavities (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)

Question 32

directional terms:
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)

superior (cranial)
inferior (caudal)
medial
lateral
proximal
distal

superficial (external)
deep (internal)

ipsilateral
contralateral

Answer 32

anterior (ventral) - towards front of body
posterior (dorsal) - towards back of body

superior (cranial) - above
inferior (caudal) - below
medial - toward midline
lateral - away from midline
proximal - near trunk or point of attachment of a limb to trunk
distal - farther from trunk or point of attachment of a limb to trunk

superficial (external) - towards surface of body
deep (internal) - away from surface of body

ipsilateral - on same side of body
contralateral - on opposite sides of body (i.e., left vs right)

Question 33

protonation vs supination for arm

Answer 33

supination = ulna + radius are parallel
protonation = ulna + radius crossing over