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Y1 Anatomy > intro to anatomy > Flashcards

intro to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomical position

A

standard reference position of the body from which all anatomical descriptions are derived

  • standing upright:
  • head, eyes and toes pointing forwards; anteriorly
  • arms held to sides with elbows extended and palms facing anteriorly
  • lower limbs held close together with their feet parallel
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2
Q

anatomy definition

A

study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationship among body parts

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3
Q

anatomical planes

A

hypothetical planes used to transect body to describe location of structures or direction of movements

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4
Q

frontal / coronal plane

A

any vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

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5
Q

transverse / horizontal plane

A

a horizontal plane passing through the standing
body parallel to the ground. It divides the body
into superior and inferior.

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6
Q

sagittal plane can be midsagittal

A

A vertical plane passing through
the standing body from front to back; it
divides the body into left and right halves

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7
Q

anterior / ventral

A

nearer the front surface of the body

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8
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

nearer the back surface of the body

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9
Q

superior/rostral/cranial

A

nearer the crown of the head

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10
Q

inferior/caudal

A

nearer the soles of the feet

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11
Q

medial

A

nearer the midline of the body

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12
Q

lateral

A

further from the midline of the body

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13
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the trunk

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14
Q

distal

A

nearer from the trunk

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15
Q

superficial

A

nearer to the surface of the body

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16
Q

deep

A

further from the surface of the body

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17
Q

your head is … to your shoulder

A

SUPERIOR

18
Q

you hold a knife using the … side of your hand

A

PALMAR

19
Q

your abdomen is … to your spine

A

ANTERIOR

20
Q

your elbow is … to your wrist

A

PROXIMAL

21
Q

your skin is … to your subcutaneous fat

A

SUPERFICIAL

22
Q

how do joints move?

A

contraction or relaxation of muscles which are generally paired with one being opposite of the other

23
Q

flexion

A

to bend or make an angle

24
Q

extension

A

to stretch or straighten

25
Q

special flexion

A

Movements at the ankle joint flexion becomes dorsiflexion (movement towards the posterior or dorsal surface of the foot)

-Extension becomes plantar flexion (movement towards the anterior or plantar surface)

26
Q

abduction

A

theses are movements of the limb away from the median plane of the body

27
Q

adduction

A

towards the median plane of the body

28
Q

rotation

A 
these movements can occur: 
-towards the long axis of the 
trunk (medial rotation) 
-away from the long axis of the 
trunk (lateral rotation)
29
Q

circumduction

A

A combination in sequence of the movements of flexion,

extension, abduction and adduction

30
Q

Specialisations at the digits and thumb

A 
Movement of the digits 
are relative to the axis 
along the middle of the 
middle finger.  The 
digits can move away 
from this axis 
(abduction) or towards 
it (adduction).
31
Q

thumb

A 
The thumb can flex, 
extend, abduct, adduct 
and also perform a 
specialised movement 
known as opposition
32
Q

Supination (upper limb)

A

supination involves lateral rotation of the forearm

which brings the palm of the hand to face anteriorly.

33
Q

pronation (upper limb)

A

When the forearm rotates medially, the palm of the

hand turns to face posteriorly.

34
Q

inversion (ankle or foot)

A

Inversion is a twisting motion of the foot which turns the sole inwards.

35
Q

eversion (ankle or foot)

A

eversion shows the opposite movement, in that the foot twists to turn the sole outwards.

36
Q

axial skeleton

A

the bones are located close to or along the central “axis”

of the body.

37
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

arms and hips and legs

38
Q

X-rays

A

-beams of electromagnetic waves to produce 2D radiographs
-Density of different tissue types
represented by black-grey-white
-CT scans use x-ray beams to
produce 2D and 3D images

39
Q

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

A

-Utilises radio-waves and
magnetic fields to produce images based on tissues proton levels
•Commonly used for the
assessment of soft tissues and nervous tissues
T1: for structures made of mainly fat; (fluids is dark or black, fat is bright or white)
T2: for structures made of both water and fat; (fat and fluids are bright)

40
Q

ultrasound

A

-High frequency sound waves are used to depict tissues based on their density
• Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) utilizes portable ultrasound devices for diagnosis and assessment from emergency a and e to surgery and post-operative analysis

Y1 Anatomy (8 decks)

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