Intro to Alimentary system and anatomy overview

Question 1

What is the abdominal cavity lined with?

Answer 1

Lined with peritoneum, a serous membrane

Question 2

How many regions is the abdominal cavity divided into?

Answer 2

9

Question 3

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 3

It is a single cell thick serous (lubricated) layer

• It has visceral and parietal layers

Question 4

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 4

Situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

E.g. rest of the duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, middle 3rd of rectum, remainder of pancreas.

Question 5

What does intraperitoneal mean?

Answer 5

Within or administered through the peritoneum

Question 6

What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal?

Answer 6

Structures that are intraperitoneal are generally mobile

While retroperitoneal structures are relatively fixed to their location

Question 7

What is a mesentary?

Answer 7

A mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that occurs as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ and constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 8

What is an omentum?

Answer 8

An omentum is a double-layered extension of peritoneum

passing from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs

Question 9

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 9

The greater omentum extends superiorly, laterally to the left, and inferiorly from the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the
duodenum

Question 10

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 10

The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

Question 11

What is a peritoneal fold?

Answer 11

It is a reflection of peritoneum that is raised from the body wall by underlying blood vessels, ducts, or obliterated fetal vessels or ducts

Question 12

What is a peritoneal recess (or fossa)?

Answer 12

It is a pouch or concavity formed by a peritoneal fold

Question 13

How do arterial branches gain access to peritonised organs?

Answer 13

They travel between double folds of peritoneum, such as mesenteries and omenta

Question 14

What is the short ‘neck’ that links the two sacs of the peritoneal cavity called?

Answer 14

The epiploic foramen

• These are the greater and lesser (omental bursa) sacs

Question 15

What is another nam e for the lesser sac?

Answer 15

Omental bursa

Question 16

What are the 4 planes that divide the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 16

Subcostal plane - passing through he inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage on each side

Transtubercular plane - passing through the iliac tubercles and the body of the L5 vertebra

Midclavicular planes - passing from the midpoints of clavicles to the midinguinal points ,

Question 17

What are the 5 (bilaterally paired) muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 17

External oblique

Internal oblique

Tranversus abdominus

Rectus abdominus

Pyramidalis