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Environmental Science > Intro./The Anthropocene > Flashcards

Intro./The Anthropocene Flashcards

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1
Q

Precautionary Principle

A

When you have uncertainty & it raises threats of harm to the environment/human health precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause & effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.

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2
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variation of life, including genetic & population variation, species variation, & ecosystem, variation

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3
Q

Conservation Biology

A

The mission is to protect & restore biodiversity, or the diversity of life on Earth. Quick action is critical & the consequences of failure are great.

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

A planned, organized approach to solving a problem or answering a question

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5
Q

Scientific Method Steps

A
  1. Make Observations
  2. Ask a Question
  3. Form a Hypothesis
  4. Develop Research Questions
  5. Collect & Analyze Data
  6. Develop conclusions & Theories
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6
Q

Independent Variable

A

You can change it

Ex: Lid

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7
Q

Dependent Variable

A

A factor that can change or respond, if the independent variable has changed
Ex: Flies

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8
Q

Constants

A

Factors that do not change during an experiment

Ex: Jars and meat

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9
Q

Burden of Proof

A

The person who made the claim must prove their claim

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10
Q

Model

A

A simplified representation of some aspect of reality

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11
Q

Darwins Phrase for Evolution

A

Descent with modification

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12
Q

Charles Darwin Theory

A

Descent with modification

Ex: Short neck giraffe dies: only long neck giraffes

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13
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • Differentials, or unequal, success in reproduction
  • Individuals with higher reproductive success pass on more traits to the next-gen.
  • Individual with lower reproductive success pass on fewer traits to the next gen.
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14
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Humans select desired characteristics

Ex: Dog breeding

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15
Q

Artificial v.s. Natural Selection

A

Natural selection selects “desired” characteristics

Artificial selection humans make the selection

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16
Q

Resilience

A

The ability of a species/ecosystem to withstand change

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17
Q

Habitat Loss

A

The number 1 cause of species loss

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18
Q

Value

A

Measures of importance

  • Preserving the environment
  • Paper waste management is good
  • Clean streets are good
19
Q

Ecosystems Services

A

Any positive benefit that wildlife/ecosystem provides
Ex: There were varmints, and they killed all the predator animals. Then there were mice everywhere. The ecosystem service was the pest-control.

20
Q

Externality

A

The side effect of an activity that affects something else or services involved

21
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The population a given space can sustain

22
Q

Impact

A

Population+Affluence+Technology

23
Q

I=PAT

A

This is a simplification of reality to explain the impacts of the human population

24
Q

Attitude

A

An expression or application or beliefs & values (good/bad) to a specific situation
*Littering is bad

25
Q

Injunctive Norms

A

What should or ought to be done

* I don’t think I should litter

26
Q

Descriptive Norm

A

What is

* People don’t litter

27
Q

Environmental Justice

A

The group bears a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, municipal & commercial operations or the execution of fed., state, local & tribal programs
Fair treatment & meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, and national origin

28
Q

Disproportionate Burden

A
  • Exposed community did not generate problems
  • Exposed community receives benefits
  • Exposed community bears the environmental burden
29
Q

Fair Treatment

A

No group of people should bear a disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, gov & economic operations or policies

30
Q

Meaningful Involvement

A
  • People have an opportunity to participate in decisions about activities that may affect their environment/health
  • The public contribution can influence the eg. agencies decisions
  • Community concerns will be considered in the decisions about making process
  • Decision makers will seek out & facilitate the involvement of these potentially affected
31
Q

Distributive notion of Justice

A

Equal distribution of good & bad things

32
Q

Justice as Recognition

A
  • Equal rights & ownership to environment & the recognition of connections between community & place
  • Injustice based on a lack of recognition of identity or a lack of rec. of diff. in view, values, and interests
33
Q

Justice of Participation (Procedural)

A
  • Communities & persons ‘have a say in environment matter that concerns them
  • Democratic procedures for precipitation & rep. in enviro. decisions
34
Q

Moving Forward: Intersectional EJ

A

How are people’s experiences of enviro. injustice constrained by overlapping power structures
*Racism, classism, sexism, ableism, ageism, heternormativity

35
Q

Policy

A

Assesses the impacts of federal projects BEFORE a decision is made about the project

36
Q

Environmental Studies

A

Working on solutions to environmental issues that create a positive impact on the quality of life

37
Q

Millennium Development Goals

A
  • Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
  • Achieve universal primary education
  • Reduce child mortality
  • Promote gender quality & empower women
38
Q

Myths and Reality

A
  1. Education changes behavior
    * Tangible/personal influence
  2. You have to change attitudes
    * Have to understand their values
    * Set expectation
  3. People know what motivates them
    * Investigate reality
    * Seeing what actually works
39
Q

Birth Dearth

A

Falling fertility rates

40
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

41
Q

What is science

A

Natural philosophers

42
Q

Environmental Science

A

A study of interactions

43
Q

EJ Movement Hist.

A

Pass civil rights act
Enviro. laws passed
Was acknowledged it was a thing & had some laws passed

Environmental Science (2 decks)

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