Intro/Terminology

Question 1

What is planetary health

Answer 1

a field analysing and addressing the impacts humans have on the earths systems

Overall it is the health of the planet as a system

Question 2

What is your health

Answer 2

the absence of illness/ assessing your wellbeing

Question 3

What is public health

Answer 3

health of the community

Question 4

What is global health

Answer 4

using socio-economic factors as determinates of health

Question 5

What is One health

Answer 5

health of humans, animals and ecosystems

Question 6

What are the 4 overarching themes of the services/benefits that the ecosystem provides which makes human life possible?

Answer 6

• provisioning services
• regulatory services
• cultural services
• supporting services/habitat services

Question 7

What are some examples of provisioning services that the ecosystem provides for humans?

Answer 7

• food
• fresh water
• wood/fibres
• fuel
• medicines
• chemical compounds

Question 8

What are some examples of the regulatory services that the ecosystem provides for humans?

Answer 8

• climate regulation
• flood regulation
• disease regulation
• water regulation
• pollination services
• erosion
• air quality regulation

Question 9

What are some examples of the cultural services that the ecosystem provides for humans?

Answer 9

• aesthetic (looks pretty)
• cultural
• recreational (going on walks, swims, rock climbing)

Question 10

What are some examples of the supporting/habitat services that the ecosystem provides for humans?

Answer 10

• habitat maintenance
• genetic diversity
• soil formation
• photosynthesis and productivity

Question 11

What is the paradox of human health improving?

Answer 11

human health relies heavily on the ecosystem which causes the ecosystem to decline

Question 12

What inequities are forthcoming if human keep ignoring the health of the ecosystem?

Answer 12

wealthy nations/populations will meet their demands regardless at the expense of poorer nations/populations when particular ecosystems are in demand (e.g. if we have a fish shortage)

Question 13

What is the Anthropocene

Answer 13

‘the age of humans’

def:
The unofficial unit of geological time used to define the period when human activities began to have substantial global effect on the earths systems (est. to start about 1950)
i.e the impact of humanity

Question 14

What are planetary boundaries?

Answer 14

a framework to describe the limit of human activities on the earths system

Question 15

What is biodiversity?

Answer 15

refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources

this includes variability within a species and between species and of ecosystems

Question 15

What are the 9 planetary boundaries included in the framework?

Answer 15

• biosphere integrity
• land system change
• freshwater use
• biogeochemical flows
• ocean acidification
• atmospheric aerosol loading
• stratospheric ozone depletion
• novel entities
• climate change

Question 16

What does biodiversity give to humans?

Answer 16

clean air
food
production of medicines
sequestering of carbon
water purification
wood, fibres and fuels

Question 17

Why is biodiversity declining?

Answer 17

1. changing of land and sea use
2. exploitation of organisms
3. climate change
4. pollution
5. introduced species

Question 18

Describe the destinction vortex?

Answer 18

if there is a small population (either due to death or aberrant reproduction) interbreeding and random genetic occur resulting in a loss of genetic variability among a species.

The loss of genetic variability leads to a reduction in individual fitness and population adaptability leading to lower reproduction and higher mortality causing an even smaller population.

This cycle continues to occur until inevitable species decline

Question 19

Why do species need to reproduce?

Answer 19

for survival of the species and maintenance of biodiversity

Question 20

How does changes in land and sea use drive a population decline through survival and reproductive lens?

Answer 20

threat to survival:
- deconstruction of safe habitat
- land clearing

threat to reproduction:
- disruption of suitable breeding/ nesting grounds

Question 21

How does the exploitation of organisms drive population decline through a survival and reproductive lens?

Answer 21

threat to survival:
- unsuitable hunting/fishing

threat to reproduction:
- lowers mating pool

Question 22

How does pollution drive population decline through a survival and reproductive lens?

Answer 22

threat to survival:
- toxicity

threat to reproduction:
- endocrine disrupters
- changes in behaviour

Question 23

How does the introduction of new species drive population decline through a survival and reproductive lens?

Answer 23

threat to survival:
- predation by competition

threat to reproduction:
- confusion about who to mate with

Question 24

How does climate change drive population decline through a survival and reproductive lens?

Answer 24

threat to survival:
- fires/ floods (natural disasters)

threat to reproduction:
- heat stress
- sex ratio