Intro ROM, Flexibility, etc.

Question 1

What is ROM?

Answer 1

ability to move joints in normal manner.

Question 2

What motions occur in the sagittal plane?

Answer 2

-vertical access dividing body into left and right sides

flexion, extension, plantar/dorsi flexion

Question 3

What motions occur in frontal plane?

Answer 3

-divides body into ventral and dorsal surfaces

abduction, adduction, lateral flexion of spine

Question 4

What motions occur in the transverse plane?

Answer 4

-divides body into superior and inferior halves

internal & external rotation, pronation, supination

Question 5

Types of ROM

Answer 5

AROM- able to actively move limb through full available motion
AAROM- needs assistance of device or other body part to bring limb through full available motion
PROM- another person or device moves limb through available motion

Question 6

Inter-rater reliability

Answer 6

Joe’s ROM measurements the same as Sue’s measurements on the same client

Question 7

Intra-rater reliability

Answer 7

Joe’s ROM measurements the same if he measures the same client today and tomorrow

Question 8

What is validity?

Answer 8

is the test truly measuring what it is intended to measure?

Question 9

what is the end feel of a joint?

Answer 9

the characteristic feel to the resistance encountered at the end of normal ROM

Question 10

what does end feel tell us?

Answer 10

helps determine if pathology is present
is the end feel normal or abnormal

Question 11

Abnormal Hard/bony end feel

Answer 11

in a joint that has loose bodies or degeneration, dislocation or fracture

Question 12

abnormal soft end feel

Answer 12

boggy sensation can indicate swelling/edema and inflammation

Question 13

abnormal firm/soft tissue end feel

Answer 13

springy sensation at the end of motion, indicates muscle, capsular or ligamentous restriction

Question 14

abnormal springy block

Answer 14

rebound is seen or felt

Question 15

abnormal empty end feel

Answer 15

painful

Question 16

spasm

Answer 16

sudden stop often accompanied by pain. lack of pain may indicate increased muscular tone

Question 17

What is muscle length?

Answer 17

ability of the muscle crossing the joint to lengthen. allows joint to move through full available ROM

Question 18

What does abnormal muscle length lead to?

Answer 18

-altered ROM
-abnormal movement pattern
-compensatory movement patterns
-all could result in pain

Question 19

What is stretch weakness? What does it contribute to?

Answer 19

-if muscle length is longer than optimal
- weakness may develop and contribute to inefficient movement, postural support, pain

Question 20

What is adaptive shortening? what does it contribute to?

Answer 20

-if resting muscle length is shorter than optimal
-may contribute to restricted joint ROM, poor skeletal alignment, pain

Question 21

what is muscle strength?

Answer 21

ability to generate torque
force generated against resistance

Question 22

Strong/Painful result

Answer 22

suggest minor problem with muscle, tendon, or attachments

Question 23

Weak/Painful result

Answer 23

suggests partial tear OR pain causing non-compliance with the test (patients don’t like pain) OR painful inhibition due to fracture or tumor (rare)

Question 24

Strong/Painless result

Answer 24

nothing wrong with the contractile structures-this is what is wanted

Question 25

Weak/Painless result

Answer 25

complete rupture of muscle/tendon OR impaired nerve function

Question 26

Age influences of strength

Answer 26

Increases up to 20-30
slight declines begin until 50-60
after 60 rate of decline increases

Question 27

Isotonic strength testing

Answer 27

testing of strength using constant external resistance
1RM

Question 28

Isokinetic strength testing

Answer 28

resistance through a ROM at constant velocity

Question 29

Isometric strength testing

Answer 29

muscle generates force against immovable resistance
-muscle length remains same
-most common with MMT