Intro ROM, Flexibility, etc. Flashcards
What is ROM?
ability to move joints in normal manner.
What motions occur in the sagittal plane?
-vertical access dividing body into left and right sides
flexion, extension, plantar/dorsi flexion
What motions occur in frontal plane?
-divides body into ventral and dorsal surfaces
abduction, adduction, lateral flexion of spine
What motions occur in the transverse plane?
-divides body into superior and inferior halves
internal & external rotation, pronation, supination
Types of ROM
AROM- able to actively move limb through full available motion
AAROM- needs assistance of device or other body part to bring limb through full available motion
PROM- another person or device moves limb through available motion
Inter-rater reliability
Joe’s ROM measurements the same as Sue’s measurements on the same client
Intra-rater reliability
Joe’s ROM measurements the same if he measures the same client today and tomorrow
What is validity?
is the test truly measuring what it is intended to measure?
what is the end feel of a joint?
the characteristic feel to the resistance encountered at the end of normal ROM
what does end feel tell us?
helps determine if pathology is present
is the end feel normal or abnormal
Abnormal Hard/bony end feel
in a joint that has loose bodies or degeneration, dislocation or fracture
abnormal soft end feel
boggy sensation can indicate swelling/edema and inflammation
abnormal firm/soft tissue end feel
springy sensation at the end of motion, indicates muscle, capsular or ligamentous restriction
abnormal springy block
rebound is seen or felt
abnormal empty end feel
painful
spasm
sudden stop often accompanied by pain. lack of pain may indicate increased muscular tone
What is muscle length?
ability of the muscle crossing the joint to lengthen. allows joint to move through full available ROM
What does abnormal muscle length lead to?
-altered ROM
-abnormal movement pattern
-compensatory movement patterns
-all could result in pain
What is stretch weakness? What does it contribute to?
-if muscle length is longer than optimal
- weakness may develop and contribute to inefficient movement, postural support, pain
What is adaptive shortening? what does it contribute to?
-if resting muscle length is shorter than optimal
-may contribute to restricted joint ROM, poor skeletal alignment, pain
what is muscle strength?
ability to generate torque
force generated against resistance
Strong/Painful result
suggest minor problem with muscle, tendon, or attachments
Weak/Painful result
suggests partial tear OR pain causing non-compliance with the test (patients don’t like pain) OR painful inhibition due to fracture or tumor (rare)
Strong/Painless result
nothing wrong with the contractile structures-this is what is wanted
Weak/Painless result
complete rupture of muscle/tendon OR impaired nerve function
Age influences of strength
Increases up to 20-30
slight declines begin until 50-60
after 60 rate of decline increases
Isotonic strength testing
testing of strength using constant external resistance
1RM
Isokinetic strength testing
resistance through a ROM at constant velocity
Isometric strength testing
muscle generates force against immovable resistance
-muscle length remains same
-most common with MMT
