Intro - psychoanalysis Flashcards
1
Q
- What does personality refer to in psychology?
A. Inconsistent moods and behavior
B. Random emotional states
C. Collective consciousness of a group
D. Consistent patterns of affect, behavior, and cognition
A
Answer: D
2
Q
- What does the term “personality” emphasize?
A. The group behavior
B. The cultural norms
C. The individual rather than the collective viewpoint
D. Temporary mental states
A
Answer: C
3
Q
- What is the origin of the word “personality”?
A. Greek word “psyche”
B. Latin word “persona” meaning theatrical mask
C. Latin word “personea” meaning actor
D. Greek word “persona” meaning personality
A
Answer: B
4
Q
- What does personality consist of?
A. Physical features only
B. First impressions only
C. The most outstanding or salient impression an individual creates in others
D. Genetic makeup alone
A
Answer: C
5
Q
- What are traits in personality?
A. Temporary emotional responses
B. Behaviors influenced by group settings
C. Factors that contribute to consistency and stability of behavior
D. Random actions in unique settings
A
Answer: C
6
Q
- What are characteristics in personality?
A. Group-determined behaviors
B. Unique qualities such as temperaments, physique, and intelligence
C. Emotional states only
D. Intelligence and memory exclusively
A
Answer: B
7
Q
- What is a theory in psychology?
A. A group of facts proven beyond doubt
B. A law of behavior
C. A set of related assumptions allowing deductive reasoning and testable hypotheses
D. An opinion used in research
A
Answer: C
8
Q
- Can a single assumption form an adequate theory?
A. Yes, if it’s logical
B. No, a single assumption cannot fulfill all requirements
C. Yes, as long as it’s testable
D. Yes, if it’s simple
A
Answer: B
9
Q
- Are theories proven facts?
A. Yes
B. No, their validity isn’t absolutely established
C. Only if tested immediately
D. Only when they are old
A
Answer: B
10
Q
- Why must theories be testable?
A. So they can be proven quickly
B. To ensure they sound logical
C. Otherwise, they are considered worthless
D. They should be tested immediately
A
Answer: C
11
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a useful theory?
A. Generates research
B. Is falsifiable
C. Is complicated and lengthy
D. Organizes data
A
Answer: C
12
Q
- What does “parsimonious” mean in a theory?
A. Broad and complex
B. Simple and straightforward
C. Based on popular opinion
D. Difficult to understand
A
Answer: B
13
Q
- What does “internally consistent” mean in a theory?
A. Easy to remember
B. Components are compatible and operationally defined
C. Based on assumptions
D. It has a lot of hypotheses
A
Answer: B
14
Q
- What is a hypothesis?
A. A vague prediction
B. An untestable idea
C. An educated guess specific enough to be tested
D. A philosophical belief
A
Answer: C
15
Q
- How is a hypothesis related to a theory?
A. It’s unrelated
B. It is a summary
C. It springs forth from a theory
D. It proves the theory
A
Answer: C
16
Q
- What is deductive reasoning?
A. Specific to general
B. Random guessing
C. General to specific
D. Inductive reasoning
A
Answer: C
17
Q
- What is inductive reasoning?
A. General to specific
B. Based on assumptions
C. Specific to general
D. From hypothesis to theory
A
Answer: C
18
Q
- What is the main concern of the field of personality?
A. Group behavior
B. Genetics
C. Individual differences
D. Brain structures
A
Answer: C
19
Q
- How does personality theory help us understand behavior?
A. Through astrology
B. By analyzing memories
C. Through empirical scientific perspective
D. By using interviews
A
Answer: C
20
Q
- What does personality theory aim to explain?
A. Why people avoid stress
B. The stages of growth
C. What, how, and why people behave as they do
D. Only behavior in children
A
Answer: C
21
Q
- What is the primary criterion for a useful personality theory?
A. Its popularity
B. Its ability to entertain
C. Its ability to generate research
D. Its complexity
A
Answer: C
22
Q
- What does reliability in a measuring instrument refer to?
A. How detailed it is
B. Its cost
C. Its consistency in yielding results
D. Its appearance
A
Answer: C
23
Q
- What is validity in psychological measurement?
A. How often it’s used
B. The extent to which it predicts future behavior
C. The degree it measures what it’s supposed to
D. The accuracy of past data
A
Answer: C
24
Q
- What is construct validity?
A. How well it looks on paper
B. If a tool can measure a hypothetical concept
C. Based on random chance
D. Comparing physical traits
A
Answer: B
25
Q
- What is convergent construct validity?
A. When a tool correlates highly with unrelated tools
B. When scores match with a variety of valid measures
C. When results are unexpected
D. When two different tools have zero correlation
A
Answer: B
26
Q
- What is divergent construct validity?
A. High correlation with similar inventories
B. Low or insignificant correlations with unrelated inventories
C. Matching test outcomes
D. Emotional reactions
A
Answer: B
27
Q
- What is discriminant construct validity?
A. When it matches emotional states
B. When it can’t differentiate between people
C. When it discriminates between known different groups
D. When it agrees with physical tests
A
Answer: C
28
Q
- What is predictive validity?
A. The ability of a test to be fun
B. The extent a test predicts some future behavior
C. Its usefulness in therapy
D. How well it’s designed
A
Answer: B
29
Q
- What does the unconscious mind contain?
A. Logical thoughts
B. Drives, urges, and instincts beyond awareness
C. Only pleasant memories
D. Current sensory inputs
A
Answer: B
30
Q
- What motivates most of our words, feelings, and actions according to psychoanalytic theory?
A. Logical reasoning
B. Conscious thoughts
C. The unconscious
D. The preconscious
A
Answer: C
31
Q
- How do unconscious thoughts enter consciousness?
A. Directly and clearly
B. Only during physical activity
C. Only after being disguised or distorted
D. Through dreams alone
A
Answer: C
32
Q
- What is the primary censor in the unconscious?
A. Conscious thoughts
B. Physical barriers
C. A mechanism that disguises unconscious images
D. External reality
A
Answer: C
33
Q
- What does the final censor do?
A. Blocks motor functions
B. Connects the unconscious directly to behavior
C. Monitors the passageway between the preconscious and conscious
D. Strengthens logic
A
Answer: C
34
Q
- What leads to repression, according to Freud?
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Repeated thoughts
C. Punishment and suppression causing anxiety
D. Logical thinking
A
Answer: C
35
Q
- What is repression?
A. Forgetting through aging
B. Forcing unwanted experiences into the unconscious
C. Thinking too much
D. Daydreaming
A
Answer: B
36
Q
- What is phylogenetic endowment?
A. Inherited wealth
B. Biological instinct
C. Experiences passed on from early ancestors over generations
D. Conscious memories
A
Answer: C
37
Q
- What is the preconscious?
A. Always unconscious
B. Currently in awareness
C. Not in awareness, but can become conscious
D. A forgotten concept
A
Answer: C
38
Q
- What is a source of the preconscious?
A. Current memory
B. Daydreams
C. Conscious perception that shifts focus
D. Actions
A
Answer: C
39
Q
- How can unconscious elements enter the preconscious?
A. Through lucid dreaming
B. By slipping through the censor in disguised form
C. Without restriction
D. Through speech
A
Answer: B
40
Q
- What role does the conscious play in psychoanalytic theory?
A. Major controlling role
B. Passive bystander
C. Minor role
D. Main decision maker
A
Answer: C
41
Q
- What are mental elements in awareness at any given time called?
A. Unconscious
B. Preconscious
C. Conscious
D. Superconscious
A
Answer: C
42
Q
- What is perceptual consciousness?
A. Memory from dreams
B. Awareness of internal pain
C. Awareness of external stimuli
D. Thoughts from the unconscious
A
Answer: C
43
Q
- What mental structure does the conscious include?
A. Memories only
B. Only anxiety
C. Non-threatening ideas from the preconscious and disguised images from the unconscious
D. Logical facts only
A
Answer: C
44
Q
- Which are the three provinces of the mind in Freudian theory?
A. Conscious, Subconscious, Preconscious
B. Memory, Imagination, Logic
C. Das Es (Id), Das Ich (Ego), Über Ich (Superego)
D. Brain, Mind, Soul
A
Answer: C
45
Q
- What is true about the Id?
A. It is conscious and logical
B. It is completely unconscious and seeks to satisfy basic desires
C. It is responsible for morality
D. It reflects external reality
A
Answer: B
46
Q
- What principle is the Id based on?
A. Reality principle
B. Morality principle
C. Pleasure principle
D. Conscious principle
A
Answer: C
47
Q
- Which of the following best describes the Id?
A. Logical and realistic
B. Governed by social norms
C. Illogical, pleasure-seeking, and unrealistic
D. Rational and balanced
A
Answer: C
48
Q
- Which region of the mind is in contact with reality?
A. Id
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Unconscious
A
Answer: C
49
Q
- From what does the Ego develop?
A. Superego
B. Phylogenetic memory
C. The Id during infancy
D. Logical reasoning
A
Answer: C
50
Q
- What principle does the Ego operate on?
A. Pleasure
B. Reality
C. Morality
D. Logic
A
Answer: B
51
Q
- What is the Ego’s role in personality?
A. It dreams and desires
B. It gives moral judgment
C. Decision-making and communication with the outside world
D. Generates anxiety only
A
Answer: C
52
Q
- What does the Ego use to defend against anxiety?
A. Rational decisions
B. Moral thoughts
C. Defense mechanisms like repression
D. Emotional outbursts
A
Answer: C
53
Q
- What does the Superego represent?
A. Logical structure
B. Sensory perception
C. The moral and ideal aspects of personality
D. Random thoughts
A
Answer: C
54
Q
- From what does the Superego grow?
A. Id
B. Repression
C. Ego
D. Consciousness
A
Answer: C
55
Q
- What is the Superego also known as?
A. Pleasure principle
B. Executive principle
C. Morality principle
D. Memory principle
A
Answer: C
56
Q
- What does the Superego lack?
A. Logic
B. Energy of its own
C. Rules
D. Communication
A
Answer: B
57
Q
- What is the “Conscience” in the Superego based on?
A. Reward for good behavior
B. External stimuli
C. Punishment for improper behavior
D. Parental love
A
Answer: C
58
Q
- What is the “Ego-ideal” in the Superego based on?
A. Dreams
B. Logic
C. Rewards for proper behavior
D. Peer influence
A
Answer: C
59
Q
- What best describes Freud’s concept of an instinct?
A. A learned pattern of behavior
B. An internal force that motivates behavior and originates from the ego
C. A temporary state triggered by external stimuli
D. An internal drive that consistently motivates behavior, originating from the id
A
Answer: D
60
Q
- How do drives differ from external stimuli?
A. Drives can be avoided, external stimuli cannot
B. Drives fade quickly, unlike external stimuli
C. Drives are internal and cannot be escaped through avoidance
D. Drives are conscious, while stimuli are not
A
Answer: C
61
Q
- In Freud’s theory, what is the “impetus” of a drive?
A. The object through which satisfaction is reached
B. The sensation caused by the drive
C. The force or pressure the drive exerts
D. The conscious decision to act on the drive
A
Answer: C
62
Q
- What role does the “object” play in Freud’s drive theory?
A. It suppresses the tension from the source
B. It is what transforms the drive into a habit
C. It is the means through which the aim is fulfilled
D. It is where the drive originates
A
Answer: C
63
Q
- Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the aim of the life instinct?
A. Sustaining life and species
B. Reducing tension through pleasure
C. Achieving genital satisfaction exclusively
D. Transforming or displacing erotic energy
A
Answer: C
64
Q
- Which term is used to describe the energy of the sexual instinct?
A. Mortido
B. Erogenous
C. Libido
D. Fixation
A
Answer: C
65
Q
- What is true about erogenous zones in Freud’s theory?
A. They are the only locations of physical illness
B. They shift as one progresses through development
C. They are universally experienced in the same way
D. They exclusively refer to the genitals in all stages
A
Answer: B
66
Q
- How is narcissism defined in psychoanalytic theory?
A. Obsession with helping others
B. Displacement of aggressive impulses
C. Libido investment in the self
D. Sublimation of childhood desires
A
Answer: C
67
Q
- What is a key aim of the death instinct, or Thanatos?
A. Reconnecting with the mother figure
B. Seeking ultimate pleasure through creation
C. Returning the organism to an inorganic, tensionless state
D. Resolving childhood trauma
A
Answer: C
68
Q
- Which of the following is considered a subtle expression of aggression?
A. Sleeping
B. Teasing
C. Passive listening
D. Repression
A
Answer: B
69
Q
- Who coined the term “Destrudo” as a counterpart to libido?
A. Paul Federn
B. Carl Jung
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Eduardo Weiss
A
Answer: D
70
Q
- Which type of anxiety results from a clash between the ego and the superego?
A. Realistic anxiety
B. Moral anxiety
C. Neurotic anxiety
D. Situational anxiety
A
Answer: B
71
Q
- What characterizes neurotic anxiety?
A. Fear of societal judgment
B. Conflict between ego and reality
C. Apprehension without a known cause
D. Physical pain caused by guilt
A
Answer: C
72
Q
- Which of the following best exemplifies realistic anxiety?
A. Feeling afraid before speaking publicly due to possible judgment
B. A child fearing monsters under the bed
C. A teen feeling ashamed for thinking negatively about parents
D. A man punishing himself mentally for failing at work
A
Answer: A
73
Q
- What early experience did Freud associate with the origin of all anxiety?
A. Toilet training
B. Birth trauma
C. Weaning
D. First romantic rejection
A
Answer: B
74
Q
- Which defense mechanism underlies all other defense mechanisms?
A. Denial
B. Projection
C. Repression
D. Reaction formation
A
Answer: C
75
Q
- A person insists a traumatic event “never happened.” Which defense is likely in use?
A. Repression
B. Displacement
C. Denial
D. Sublimation
A
Answer: C
76
Q
- What defines the process of “undoing”?
A. Preventing an unacceptable urge from becoming conscious
B. Repeating the same error to learn from it
C. Engaging in behavior that symbolically cancels a troubling action
D. Forgetting through repeated distraction
A
Answer: C
77
Q
- A student who feels hostile toward a classmate becomes overly nice to them. This reflects:
A. Projection
B. Regression
C. Reaction formation
D. Sublimation
A
Answer: C
78
Q
- Displacement is demonstrated when:
A. A person invents excuses for missed deadlines
B. An employee yells at their partner instead of their boss
C. A child regresses to bedwetting
D. A person mimics someone they admire
A
Answer: B
79
Q
- Fixation occurs when:
A. An individual has sudden panic attacks
B. Libido remains attached to a developmental stage
C. There is complete denial of reality
D. Emotions are channeled into creativity
A
Answer: B
80
Q
- Regression is the:
A. Repression of the ego’s influence
B. Mental projection of current trauma
C. Return to an earlier psychosexual stage during stress
D. Replacement of libido with logical thought
A
Answer: C
81
Q
- Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s unacceptable thoughts to someone else?
A. Sublimation
B. Denial
C. Projection
D. Reaction formation
A
Answer: C
82
Q
- Introjection is:
A. Blaming others for personal mistakes
B. Taking on traits of someone admired or feared
C. Regressing to infantile behavior
D. Physically acting out internal conflicts
A
Answer: B
83
Q
- Sublimation refers to:
A. Ignoring a problem until it fades
B. Turning unconscious drives into socially acceptable actions
C. Exaggerating emotions in public
D. Displacing aggression onto safe targets
A
Answer: B
84
Q
- Intellectualization is the:
A. Use of complex ideas to outsmart criticism
B. Suppression of thoughts through distraction
C. Removal of emotional content from distressing thoughts
D. Idealization of academic achievement
A
Answer: C
85
Q
- Rationalization involves:
A. Denying facts completely
B. Making a lie sound logical to reduce anxiety
C. Acting on unconscious desires
D. Avoiding all emotions in decision-making
A
Answer: B
86
Q
- What characterizes Freud’s view of early childhood?
A. It is a period of intellectual formation with little emotional content
B. It consists mainly of social conditioning and logical development
C. It is dominated by psychosexual experiences and internal conflict
D. It is shaped primarily by observational learning
A
Answer: C
87
Q
- What makes the infantile period “pregenital” in Freud’s theory?
A. It lacks any form of sexual pleasure
B. Pleasure is focused entirely on the genitals
C. It involves non-genital zones providing erotic satisfaction
D. It is unconscious and therefore insignificant
A
Answer: C
88
Q
- What makes the oral phase distinct from later stages?
A. The focus is on imitation and language development
B. The mouth becomes the primary source of gratification
C. The child becomes aggressive toward their environment
D. The libido is absent and only reflexes operate
A
Answer: B
89
Q
- As the oral phase progresses, what emotional shift begins to emerge in the infant?
A. A deep concern with morality
B. Emotional detachment from the caregiver
C. Ambivalence and anxiety toward the love object
D. A sense of independence and logical reasoning
A
Answer: C
90
Q
- What distinguishes the early anal period in Freud’s theory?
A. Children focus on language and exploration
B. The ego fully matures
C. The destructive drive overtakes the erotic drive
D. There is no expression of aggression
A
Answer: C
91
Q
- During the late anal phase, what psychological pattern may develop if feces are rejected by the parent?
A. Hypersexuality
B. Regressive behaviors
C. Holding in feces to derive masochistic pleasure
D. Unconscious denial of defecation
A
Answer: C
92
Q
- What personality traits are associated with the “anal character”?
A. Dramatic, attention-seeking, impulsive
B. Orderly, stingy, and stubborn
C. Curious, creative, and detached
D. Passive, trusting, and naive
A
Answer: B
93
Q
- What marks the beginning of the phallic phase?
A. The reactivation of the anal character
B. The ability to rationalize behavior
C. The genitals become the center of erotic activity
D. The disappearance of all sexual interest
A
Answer: C
94
Q
- According to Freud, how does the male Oedipus complex typically develop?
A. Through a child’s detachment from both parents
B. As a complete identification with the mother
C. Through a shift from identification with the father to rivalry
D. Through denial of both parental relationships
A
Answer: C
95
Q
- Why is the latency period considered dormant in psychosexual development?
A. Children are incapable of emotional attachment
B. Erotic desires are consciously intensified
C. Parental discipline results in sexual repression
D. The libido disappears entirely
A
Answer: C
96
Q
- What allows for the redirection of psychic energy during the latency phase?
A. The strengthening of the id
B. Internalization of societal goals
C. Parental encouragement of sexual expression
D. Successful repression of early psychosexual impulses
A
Answer: D
97
Q
- What primary change signifies the start of the genital period?
A. Return to anal fixation
B. Directing libido from self toward others
C. Disinterest in sexual activity
D. Complete suppression of all previous stages
A
Answer: B
98
Q
- How does Freud describe the evolution of female sexuality in the genital phase?
A. Continued penis envy prevents maturity
B. The vagina gains equivalent value to the penis
C. Sexual feelings vanish entirely
D. Girls regress to the oral stage
A
Answer: B
99
Q
- Which of the following best reflects psychological maturity according to Freud?
A. Superego becomes dominant and controlling
B. Ego suppresses both id and superego
C. Ego maintains a healthy balance between id and superego
D. Id takes precedence in all decisions
A
Answer: C
100
Q
- What happens to the ego-ideal in a mature individual?
A. It remains identical to parental authority
B. It dominates the superego and guides all thoughts
C. It becomes unrealistic and disconnected
D. It aligns with the ego and loses harsh judgment
A
Answer: D
101
Q
- What is the main goal of free association in psychoanalysis?
A. To test the patient’s logical reasoning ability
B. To control irrational behavior through reinforcement
C. To uncover unconscious material by following a chain of thoughts
D. To reduce symptoms through medication
A
Answer: C
102
Q
- Why are patients encouraged to verbalize even irrelevant or offensive thoughts during free association?
A. To improve language fluency
B. To reveal how resistant they are to therapy
C. Because such thoughts may lead to unconscious conflicts
D. To strengthen therapist-patient bonding
A
Answer: C
103
Q
- What role does positive transference play in psychoanalysis?
A. It hinders therapy due to idealization
B. It allows re-experiencing of childhood feelings in a safe setting
C. It creates tension between therapist and patient
D. It disrupts the development of resistance
A
Answer: B
104
Q
- How should a therapist handle negative transference?
A. Ignore it until it fades
B. Terminate the therapeutic relationship
C. Confront the patient and challenge their logic
D. Interpret and explain it to reduce resistance
A
Answer: D
105
Q
- What is resistance in the context of psychoanalysis?
A. Conscious refusal to talk
B. A form of laziness in attending therapy
C. Unconscious behaviors that block therapy progress
D. Rejection of medical advice
A
Answer: C
106
Q
- According to Freud, what is the manifest content of a dream?
A. The real meaning hidden deep in the unconscious
B. The remembered and described part of the dream
C. The dream that reoccurs every night
D. The dream content created after therapy
A
Answer: B
107
Q
- What is typically revealed by the latent content of a dream?
A. The dreamer’s conscious fears
B. The abstract symbolic meaning of daytime events
C. Unconscious wishes and repressed desires
D. Sleep cycles and memory consolidation
A
Answer: C
108
Q
- What is the role of condensation in dream formation?
A. Dreams are made more vivid and detailed
B. Many unconscious ideas are combined into fewer images
C. Conscious thoughts are expanded into dream symbols
D. Emotions are exaggerated in dream form
A
Answer: B
109
Q
- What does displacement do in dreams?
A. It turns the dream into a repressed memory
B. It repeats childhood memories
C. It swaps a threatening image with a safer, symbolic one
D. It makes the dream impossible to remember
A
Answer: C
110
Q
- Which of the following is NOT one of the “three typical anxiety dreams”?
A. Dream of flying into the sky
B. Dream of nakedness
C. Dream of a beloved person’s death
D. Dream of failing an examination
A
Answer: A
111
Q
- What is special about dreams involving examinations, according to Freud?
A. They reveal a desire for academic excellence
B. They symbolize ongoing anxiety about school
C. They represent wish fulfillment of a previously passed exam
D. They always occur during times of high stress
A
Answer: C
112
Q
- What is the psychoanalytic interpretation of a Freudian slip?
A. It’s just a random brain malfunction
B. It’s a normal mistake that happens under stress
C. It’s a reflection of suppressed unconscious thoughts
D. It’s always humorous and meaningless
A
Answer: C
113
Q
- What did Freud call the “Freudian slip” in his native terminology?
A. Symbolization
B. Traumdeutung
C. Fehlleistung
D. Übertragung
A
Answer: C
114
Q
- What happens in a Freudian slip according to Freud’s theory of psychic structure?
A. The id overpowers the ego and superego
B. The unconscious intention replaces a weaker preconscious one
C. The superego expresses moral judgment through language
D. The conscious mind generates errors for fun
A
Answer: B
