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HESP311 > Intro, Planes of Anatomy, Technology > Flashcards

Intro, Planes of Anatomy, Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Audiology

A

Study of hearing

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2
Q

Audiologist

A

A professional who diagnoses and treats people with hearing loss

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3
Q

Otology

A

Branch of medicine dealing with the ear

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4
Q

Detection

A

Awareness of the presence or absence of sound

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5
Q

Discrimination

A

Ability to tell if two sounds are the same or different

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6
Q

Identification

A

Ability to label or name the sound that is heard

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7
Q

Comprehension

A

Ability to understand the meaning of the sound

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8
Q

Outer Ear

A

Made up of pinna and external auditory canal

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9
Q

Ossicles of middle ear

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

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10
Q

Muscles of middle ear

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

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11
Q

Conductive mechanism

A

Outer ear and middle ear

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12
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that involves either the outer or middle ear

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13
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that involves the inner ear or auditory nerve

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14
Q

Inner ear

A

Made up of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

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15
Q

Bony labyrinth (inner ear)

A

Made up of:

  • bony cochlea
  • bony vestibule
  • bony semicircular canals
  • perilymph (fluid)
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16
Q

Membranous labyrinth (inner ear)

A

Made up of:

  • membranous cochlea (contains Organ of Corti)
  • vestibular end organs (utricle, saccule, membranous semicircular canals)
  • endolymph (fluid)
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17
Q

Auditory nerve (Cranial Nerve 8)

A
  • Auditory and Vestibular branch
  • afferent fibers (carry info from peripheral system to brain)
  • efferent fibers (carry info from brain to peripheral system)
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18
Q

Sensorineural Mechanism

A

Inner ear and auditory nerve

19
Q

Peripheral Auditory System

A

Outer ear + middle ear + inner ear + distal end of auditory nerve

20
Q

Auditory Brainstem

A
  • Nuclear centers
  • Ascending and descending fibers
  • Ipsilateral and contralateral fibers
21
Q

Auditory Cortex

A
  • Temporal and parietal lobes
  • Corpus callosum
  • Commissural networks
22
Q

Central Auditory Nervous System

A

Auditory brainstem and auditory cortex

23
Q

How man adults in the US have some degree of hearing loss?

A

20%

24
Q

Frontal (coronal)

A

Front and back

25
Q

Sagittal

A

Left and right

26
Q

Transverse (horizontal)

A

Top and bottom

27
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

28
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

29
Q

Lateral

A

Side, away from midline

30
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

31
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward upper surface

32
Q

Inferior

A

Below, toward lower surface

33
Q

Distal

A

Away from, farther from origin

34
Q

Proximal

A

Near, close to origin

35
Q

Major Components of a Hearing Test

A

Equipment, signal presentation, audiogram, interpretation of audiogram

36
Q

Audiometer

A

Electronic device that produces acoustic stimuli of a known frequency and intensity for hearing measurement

Frequency=pitch
Intensity=loudness

37
Q

Transducer

A

Device that converts one type of energy to another

Earphones=air conduction (tests entire auditory system)

Bone vibrator=mechanical vibration=bone conductor (tests inner ear)

38
Q

Pure tone (Signal Presentation)

A

A tone of a single frequency

39
Q

Test frequencies

A
  • Air conduction- 250-8kHz
  • Octave Intervals: 250, 500, 1k, 2k, 4k, 8k
  • Bone conduction- 250-4kHz
  • Octave Intervals: 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4,000
  • Test each ear individually!
40
Q

Why do we test the certain range of hearing?

A

It captures hearing within the range of speech sounds

41
Q

Threshold of audibility

A

“The minimum sound capable of evoking auditory sensation in certain fraction of the trials”

Clinical Definition- Lowest level of intensity at which an individual responds correctly 50% of the time

Theta is the symbol for threshold

42
Q

Audiogram

A

Graph showing hearing threshold level as a function of frequency

Intensity reported as dB HL

Red= right ear Blue= left ear

Tells where, how much, and what type of hearing loss

43
Q

We report threshold in ____ steps!

A

5 dB

HESP311 (2 decks)

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