Intro Pharma

Question 1

Importance of pharmacology

Answer 1

Discovering new drugs
Improvement of of effectiveness of drugs
Reducing side effects of drugs
Understanding why patients have different responses to drugs

Question 2

Differentiate between a drug and a medicine

Answer 2

Drug- a chemical substance of known structure other than a nutrient which when administered produces a biological effect Medicine- a pharmaceutical product which contains one or more drugs and administered to produces a therapeutic effect

Question 3

Differentiate between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Pharmacodynamics- effects and action of drugs
Pharmacokinetics- what body does to drug,absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADMEJ

Question 4

Founder of modern pharmacology

Answer 4

Oswald Schmeideberg

Question 5

Who proposed the concept of receptors

Answer 5

John NEWPORT Langley

Question 6

Who revised the concept of “receptive substance” to binging of drugs to receptors

Answer 6

Paul Ehrlich

Question 7

Who discovered penicillin

Answer 7

Alexander Fleming

Question 8

Who discovered sulfanomides

Answer 8

Gerhard Domagk

Question 9

How where drugs discovered in the past

Answer 9

Through identifying active ingredients in traditional remedies

Question 10

What does recent drug discovery rely on

Answer 10

Screening large numbers of compounds for their ability to bind to drug receptors

Question 11

Define computer aided drug design

Answer 11

To predict whether a molecule will bind to a certain drug target or not

Question 12

What condition can thalidomide have on the fetus

Answer 12

Phocomelia- shortening or absence of limbs

Question 13

Describe the first phase of drug development

Answer 13

• first in human
  *10 -100 participants
• Done in healthy volunteers can occasionally have rare or advanced diseases
  *should asses safety and tolerability

Question 14

Describe phase 2 of drug development

Answer 14

• First in patient
  *50-500 participants
• Patients are the subjects and are given experimental drug
  *Random, controlled, placebo-controlled, can be blinded
  *to asses efficacy and does ranging

Question 15

Describe phase 3 of drug development

Answer 15

*Multi-site trail
*hundreds to thousands of participants
*patients receive experimental drug
*random, controlled, placebo-controlled or uncontrolled ,can be blinded
*to confirm efficacy in larger population
*longer exposure to drug

Question 16

Describe phase 4 of drug development

Answer 16

• post-marketing surveillance
  *many thousands of participants
  *done in patients in treatment with approved drug
  *follow up with drug
  *to asses adverse events, compliance and drug-drug interactions

Question 17

Omeprazole

Answer 17

Proton pump inhibitor
Used in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 18

When can a generic version of the innovator drug be developed

Answer 18

As soon as the patent of an API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) expires

Question 19

Generic medicine

Answer 19

• A copy of original drug
• Medicines where the original patent has expired and can now be produced by manufacturers other than the original innovator

Question 20

Innovator drug

Answer 20

The original drug with a valid patent of an API

Question 21

Generic drug applications

Answer 21

*called Abbreviated New Drug Applications
* don’t require preclinical and extensive clinical data to establish safety and efficacy
*generic drugs must be bioequivalent to the innovator product

Question 22

Bioequivalence

Answer 22

How much of the drug you gave finally got into the circulation