Intro Page 1( Standard Manual Processing Technique, Fresh Tissue, Preserved Tissue, Post Mortem Changes, Methods Of Fresh Tissue Exam, Smearing Techniques)

Question 1

Steps in processing preserved tissues

Answer 1

Fixation>Decalcification>Dehydration>Clearing>Impregnation>Embedding>Trimming>Sectioning>Staining>Mounting>Labeling

Question 2

Standard Manual Processing Technique

Answer 2

Fixation>Dehydration>Clearing>Impregnation>Embedding

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AKA “PRESERVATION”

Answer 3

Fixation

Question 4

AKA “DESSICATION”

Answer 4

Dehydration

Question 5

AKA “DEALCOHOLIZATION”

Answer 5

Clearing

Question 6

AKA “INFILTRATION”

Answer 6

Impregnation

Question 7

AKA “Casting/Blocking”

Answer 7

Embedding

Question 8

AKA “SECTION CUTTING”

Answer 8

Sectioning

Question 9

_ Tissues are usually examined when there is an immediate need for evaluation

Answer 9

Fresh tissues

Question 10

_ Tissues are routinely used in Histopathology section

Answer 10

Preserved

Question 11

Fresh tissue exam advantage
Examined in living state, thereby allowing protoplasmic activities:

Answer 11

Mitosis
Motion
Phagocytic
Pinocytosis

Question 12

Destruction of tissues by cell enzymes which are produced by the tissues and eventually liquefy it. First to occur among all post-mortem changes.

Answer 12

Autolysis

Question 13

Autolysis is also known as

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Post mortem decomposition / self digestion

Question 14

Autolysis happens in the?

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Inside the body

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Decomposition of organic matter under the influence of microorganisms accompanied by the development of disagreeable odors

Answer 15

Purefaction

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First organ affected during purefaction

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Intestines

Question 17

Purefaction is also known as

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Bacterial decomposition

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Retrogressive pathologic process in cells in which cytoplasm undergoes deterioration while the nucleus is preserved

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Degeneration

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Cooling of the body. First observable change.

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Algor Mortis

Question 20

Process wherein selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt sol’n.

Answer 20

Teasing or dissociation

Question 21

Solution used during teasing process

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Isotonic salt solution

Question 22

Microscopes used in teasing preparation

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Phase-contrast microscope
Bright-field microscope

Question 23

Dyes used in teasing process

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NSS
Ringer’s lactate

Question 24

Process where small pieces of tissues not more than 1mm in diameter are placed in microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or with coverglass

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Squash preparation or crushing

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Normally utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the tissue in question is required and especially recommended when lipids and nervous tissue elements are to be demonstrated

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Frozen section

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Useful in cytologic examinations particularly for cancer diagnosis

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Smearing

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Rapid and gentle direct or zigzag application to obtain uniform distribution
Too thin or too thick smears are unsuitable for examination.

Answer 27

Streaking

Question 28

Materials used during streaking method

Answer 28

Applicator stick
Platinum loop

Question 29

Little more tedious than streaking but has advantage in maintaining the intercellular relationship. Recommended for fresh sputum, bronchial aspirates, and thick mucoid secretions.

Answer 29

Spreading

Question 30

Material used in spreading

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Applicator stick

Question 31

Consistency of the film in spreading technique

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Moderately thick smear

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Material disperses evenly over the surface of 2 slides. A single uninterrupted motion of pulling apart is applied. Useful for serous fluids, concentrated sputum, enzymatic GIT lavage, and blood smears.

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Pull apart method

Question 33

Materials used during pull apart method

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2 slides

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Special method where slide surface is in contact and pressed on the site. Cells may be examined without destroying their actual intercellular relationship and without separating them form their normal surroundings

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Touch prep

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Touch prep AKA

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Impression smear

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Material used in touch prep

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1 slide

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Commonly used fixative in touch prep

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Isopropanol

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First and most critical step in histotechnology

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Fixation/Preservation

Question 39

Primary aim of fixation

_ the morphologic and chemical integrity of the cell in as life like manner as possible

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To preserve

Question 40

Secondary goal of fixation

_ and _ the tissue from the trauma further handling and easy cutting during gross examination

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Harden and project

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Most important reaction in fixation

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Stabilization of protein

Question 42

Leaving a tissue spx in air can cause it to

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Dryout

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Leaving the tissue in (water) hypotonic solution will cause it to

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Swell

Question 44

Leaving the tissue in (strong salt) hypertonic solution will cause the cell to

Answer 44

Shrink