Intro om aftaleretten Flashcards
What is the principle of Aftalefrihed?
The principle of Aftalefrihed allows parties to decide whether to enter into an agreement, with whom, and the content of the agreement.
Under what circumstances is Aftalefrihed limited?
Aftalefrihed is limited by protective laws for weaker parties and in the case of illegal agreements.
What are the overarching societal considerations for limiting Aftalefrihed?
- Ensuring appropriate competition among market actors
- Protecting weaker parties from unreasonable terms
What is the consequence of entering into agreements that violate mandatory rules?
Such agreements may be declared null and void, either wholly or partially.
Are agreements formal or informal according to DL 5-1-2?
Agreements are generally informal, meaning they can be made orally, in writing, or implied through actions.
What types of agreements must be in writing according to law?
- Prenuptial agreements
- Debt instruments
- Mortgages
What happens if an agreement is not fulfilled?
One can seek assistance from the court or enforcement agency to enforce the agreement.
What does the principle of natural fulfillment entail?
An agreement must be fulfilled in accordance with its content.
What is the legal source for agreements in Denmark?
The legal source for agreements is the Aftaleloven (Contract Law).
What is the nature of Aftaleloven?
Aftaleloven is declaratory, meaning parties can agree on terms other than those stipulated by the law.
What are the two traditional principles in contract law?
- Løfteprincippet (the principle of promise)
- Overenskomstprincippet (the principle of agreement)
What is an offer in the context of contract law?
An offer is a declaration to commit to an agreement with specified content.
What happens to an offer after the acceptance period expires?
The offer lapses once the acceptance period expires or if the offeree declines the offer.
What constitutes an acceptance?
Acceptance is a declaration to commit to an agreement with the specified content of the offer.
What is a retshandel?
Retshandel is defined as a private, legally binding declaration aimed at creating, altering, or terminating a right.
What are the three types of will declarations?
- Løfte (promise)
- Påbud (mandate)
- Fuldmagtserklæring (power of attorney)
What is the significance of the moment a promise is made?
The critical moment for a promise is when the offer or acceptance becomes known to the recipient.
What is a uoverensstemmende accept?
An uoverensstemmende accept is an acceptance that contains modifications or conditions differing from the original offer.
What happens if an acceptance includes additional conditions?
It is considered a rejection of the original offer and constitutes a new offer.
What is a rettidig accept?
A rettidig accept is an acceptance that is timely and conforms to the terms of the offer.
What is the implication of a delayed acceptance?
A delayed acceptance is treated as a new offer.
What is the principle of forsendelsesrisiko?
The sender bears the risk of delivery and must prove that the sent item arrived.
In what scenario does the recipient bear the risk?
The recipient bears the risk if they provided an incorrect address.
What does AFTL § 9 stipulate regarding mandatory complaints?
AFTL § 9 states that if the offeree does not wish to accept, they must communicate this to avoid automatic acceptance.
Hvad sker der, hvis A kan bevise forsvarlig afsendelse?
B bærer risikoen, og aftalen anses ikke for godtaget.
Hvad sker der, hvis A ikke kan bevise forsvarlig afsendelse?
Reklamationen anses ikke for sendt, og aftalen er dermed godtaget i henhold til AFTL § 9.
Hvad fastsætter AFTL § 9?
TM (her A) skal reklamere inden for rimelig tid, ellers anses tilbuddet for at være accepteret.
Hvad indebærer AFTL § 40 om risikoovergang?
Modtageren (her B) bærer risikoen, så snart reklamationen er forsvarligt afsendt af A.
Er mundtlige og skriftlige erklæringer bindende under dansk ret?
Ja, de er lige bindende; skriftlighed er ikke en gyldighedsbetingelse.
Hvilke betingelser skal være opfyldt for at en ensidig skriftlig bekræftelse på en mundtlig aftale er bindende?
- Indholdet er klart
- Skrivelsen er fremkommet straks efter aftaleindgåelse
- Modtageren har ikke reklameret
Hvad gælder, hvis en accept indeholder en anmodning om skriftlig bekræftelse?
HR: der er en overensstemmende accept; U: kan være et foreløbigt betinget svar.
Hvad er kravene til alm. forretningsbetingelser ved ordrebekræftelse?
Ofte ved henvisning eller vedlæggelse; skal være gjort opmærksom på ved aftaleindgåelsen.
Hvad sker der ved undladt reklamation?
De vilkår, der ikke er reklameret imod, anses for vedtaget.
Hvad konkluderede Højesteret i U 1990.606 H om manglende bevis for køb af maskiner?
Ordrebekræftelsen var ikke en klar bekræftelse af købsaftale, og K var ikke bundet.
Hvad fandt Højesteret i U 1974.119 H om køb af gasolie pr. telefon?
K havde pligt til at reklamere straks; undladelse medførte bindende aftale.
Hvad er ‘re-integra’ reglen ifølge AFTL § 39?
Et løfte kan tilbagekaldes, hvis det ikke har virket bestemmende for modtageren, og tilbagekaldelsen sker hurtigt.
Hvilke krav skal være opfyldt for at anvende ‘re-integra’ reglen?
- Løftet må ikke have virket bestemmende for modtagerens handlemåde
- Der skal være særlige omstændigheder
Hvad er eksempler på særlige omstændigheder i ‘re-integra’ reglen?
- En overilet beslutning
- Hurtig rettelse af en fejlagtig erklæring
Hvad var udfaldet i U 1987.234 S om annullering af hyrekontrakt?
Rederiet kunne annullere kontrakten under de særlige omstændigheder.
Hvilke domme nævnes i teksten?
- U 1966.516B
- U 1923.805 H
- U 1994.344 H
- U 1974.119 H
- U 1990.606 H
- U 1987.234 S
