intro of research

Question 1

what is research?

Answer 1

gather the data for the advancement of knowledge

Question 2

why need to know research methodology?

Answer 2

1) foundation of evidence based practice (EBP)
2) find the answer
3) solve problem
4) face challenge
5) serve society
6) intellectual 知识 joy

Question 3

type of research

Answer 3

1) descriptive 形容
2) analytical 分析
3) fundamental 基本
4) applied 应用
5) quantitative
6) qualitative
7) conceptual 概念
8) empirical 经验

Question 4

descriptive 形容 research

Answer 4

1) do no control variables
2) only report what has happened

eg: prevalence 患病率 of obesity in the world

Question 5

analytical 分析 research

Answer 5

1) use info that alr available & analyse it

eg: why smokers gain weight after they stopped smoking?

Question 6

fundamental 基本 research

Answer 6

=basic research
1) formation of theory
2) by curiosity / interest

eg: E=mc^2

Question 7

applied 应用 research

Answer 7

=action research
1) to solve practical problem 实际问题 of society

eg: pollution, flood, disease

Question 8

quantitative research

Answer 8

1) produce numerical data

eg: total caloric intake per day of Malaysian athletes

Question 9

qualitative research

Answer 9

1) do not produce discrete numerical data
2) technique used: interview

eg: profiling of murder 谋杀案剖析 in Malaysia

Question 10

conceptual 概念 research

Answer 10

1) related to abstract 抽象 theory
2) to develop new concept / reinterpret existing concept

eg: Sir Issac Newton research

Question 11

empirical 经验 research

Answer 11

1) relies on experience, observation
2) data-based research, derived from evidence

eg: What is the effect of coffee consumption among young adults?

Question 12

research approaches 方法

Answer 12

1) quantitative
2) qualitative

Question 13

Quantitative approaches

Answer 13

1) inferential approach
2) experimental approach
3) simulations approach

Question 14

inferential 推理 approach

Answer 14

1) form database to infer 推理 characteristics of population
2) survey research - sample of population is question/observe to determine its characteristics & infer that population has the same charac

eg: Dietetics students have a high physical activity level compared to non-dietetics students

Question 15

experimental approach

Answer 15

1) control A variable to determine if change in A cause change in B variable
2) controlled methods, random assignment, manipulate variables to test hypothesis

eg: A researcher wants to examine the effects of three different warfarin drugs formulation on patients with heart problems

Question 16

simulations approach

Answer 16

1) imitation 模拟 operation of a process

eg: a simulation study of managing uncertainty in supply chain

Question 17

what is research method?

Answer 17

methods that used for conduction of research

Question 18

what is research methodology?

Answer 18

way to systematically solve the research problem

Question 19

method VS methodology

Answer 19

1) method: methods that used to conduct research
methodology: explain the methods which may proceed with research

2) od: involve conduct of experiment, test, survey …
dology: involve learning of various techniques that can be used in conduct of experiment,…

3) od: aim at find solution to research problem
dology: aim at employment of correct procedure to find solution

4) has many dimensions

5) scope is wider

Question 20

research process

Answer 20

1) formulating research problem
2) extensive 广泛 literature survey
3) hypothesis
4) prepare research design
5) determine sample design
6) collect data
7) execute 执行 of project
8) analysis data
9) hypothesis testing
10) generalisation 概括 & interpretation 解释
11) prepare report & present result

Question 21

criteria of good research

Answer 21

1) purpose of research and common concepts used are clearly defined定义

2) research procedure used describe in detail - to permit another researcher for further advancement

3) procedural design of research planned carefully - to yield result as objective as possible

4) report with frankness 坦率,
flaws 缺陷 in procedural design and
estimate their effect upon the finding

5) analysis of data is adequate足够,
methods of analysis used is appropriate合适,
validity有效性 and reliability可靠性 of data is checked carefully

6) conclusion confined 仅限于 to those justified by data of research 由数据证明合理 & limited to which data provide an adequate basis 充分基础

7) researcher is experienced, has good reputation 良好信誉 in research & integrity 正直