intro of research Flashcards
what is research?
gather the data for the advancement of knowledge
why need to know research methodology?
1) foundation of evidence based practice (EBP)
2) find the answer
3) solve problem
4) face challenge
5) serve society
6) intellectual 知识 joy
type of research
1) descriptive 形容
2) analytical 分析
3) fundamental 基本
4) applied 应用
5) quantitative
6) qualitative
7) conceptual 概念
8) empirical 经验
descriptive 形容 research
1) do no control variables
2) only report what has happened
eg: prevalence 患病率 of obesity in the world
analytical 分析 research
1) use info that alr available & analyse it
eg: why smokers gain weight after they stopped smoking?
fundamental 基本 research
=basic research
1) formation of theory
2) by curiosity / interest
eg: E=mc^2
applied 应用 research
=action research
1) to solve practical problem 实际问题 of society
eg: pollution, flood, disease
quantitative research
1) produce numerical data
eg: total caloric intake per day of Malaysian athletes
qualitative research
1) do not produce discrete numerical data
2) technique used: interview
eg: profiling of murder 谋杀案剖析 in Malaysia
conceptual 概念 research
1) related to abstract 抽象 theory
2) to develop new concept / reinterpret existing concept
eg: Sir Issac Newton research
empirical 经验 research
1) relies on experience, observation
2) data-based research, derived from evidence
eg: What is the effect of coffee consumption among young adults?
research approaches 方法
1) quantitative
2) qualitative
Quantitative approaches
1) inferential approach
2) experimental approach
3) simulations approach
inferential 推理 approach
1) form database to infer 推理 characteristics of population
2) survey research - sample of population is question/observe to determine its characteristics & infer that population has the same charac
eg: Dietetics students have a high physical activity level compared to non-dietetics students
experimental approach
1) control A variable to determine if change in A cause change in B variable
2) controlled methods, random assignment, manipulate variables to test hypothesis
eg: A researcher wants to examine the effects of three different warfarin drugs formulation on patients with heart problems
simulations approach
1) imitation 模拟 operation of a process
eg: a simulation study of managing uncertainty in supply chain
what is research method?
methods that used for conduction of research
what is research methodology?
way to systematically solve the research problem
method VS methodology
1) method: methods that used to conduct research
methodology: explain the methods which may proceed with research
2) od: involve conduct of experiment, test, survey …
dology: involve learning of various techniques that can be used in conduct of experiment,…
3) od: aim at find solution to research problem
dology: aim at employment of correct procedure to find solution
4) has many dimensions
5) scope is wider
research process
1) formulating research problem
2) extensive 广泛 literature survey
3) hypothesis
4) prepare research design
5) determine sample design
6) collect data
7) execute 执行 of project
8) analysis data
9) hypothesis testing
10) generalisation 概括 & interpretation 解释
11) prepare report & present result
criteria of good research
1) purpose of research and common concepts used are clearly defined定义
2) research procedure used describe in detail - to permit another researcher for further advancement
3) procedural design of research planned carefully - to yield result as objective as possible
4) report with frankness 坦率,
flaws 缺陷 in procedural design and
estimate their effect upon the finding
5) analysis of data is adequate足够,
methods of analysis used is appropriate合适,
validity有效性 and reliability可靠性 of data is checked carefully
6) conclusion confined 仅限于 to those justified by data of research 由数据证明合理 & limited to which data provide an adequate basis 充分基础
7) researcher is experienced, has good reputation 良好信誉 in research & integrity 正直
