Intro, Neurons, and the Brain Flashcards
Cognitive illusion
we are less good at making probability decisions than we think we are
change blindness
we dont notice changes in individuals that are in an out group from us
Cognitive psychology
the scientific study of the mind
Plato was a
rationalist/nativist ==> our sense can decieve us and we are born knowing everything
Aristotle
empiricist/experimentalist ==> we are born without knowledge
Descartes
rationalist/nativist
John Locke
empiricist/experimentalist ==> we are a blank slate
schwann cell
glial cell that surrounds the axon in the peripheral nervous system
myelin sheath
the part of the glia that prevents dissipation through the axon membrane (insulation)
oligodendrocytes
parts of the glia cell that surround the axon in the central nervous system
guillian barre syndrome
muscle weakness because the immune system attacks schwann cells and neurons lose transmission
miller fisher syndrome
when we see double because our immune system attacks glia cells ==> less transmission
part of neuron where information is received (excitation)
dendrites
summation of excitation for action potential generation
cell body and nucleus
action potential generation and propagation
axon and myelin sheath
information is sent
axon terminal
action potential
temporary shift from - to positive in neuron membrane (NA in and K out)
depolarization
opening of sodium channels
repolarization
negative internal space becomes negative again
hyperpolarization
the cells are more negative than resting potention ==> fixed by ion channels and the sodium potassium pump
synapses
site of transmission and connection between neurons
neurotransmitters
chemical transmissions that carry information from pre-synaptic sending neurons to the post synaptic recieving cell
what do drugs alter?
the synapses in our brains by reducing connections
Characteristics of neurons
fast response, transportation of cargo over long distances, high energy demand, terminally differentiated
sciatic nerve
longest nerve in the body from spinal cord base to our big toes
cerebral cortex
the grey matter on the brain and outer 6 layers of nerve cells
white matter
innery layer of the cerebrum due to myelin
frontal lobe
responsible for cognitive/ perosnality changes and higher functioning as well as voluntary movements
temporal lobe
responsible for memories and processing sensations related to memories
parietal lobe
processes information from our senses
occipital lobe
primarily vision
insula
connects our body signals to our outside world
visual agnosia
inability to recognize visually presented objects as whole
hemispatial neglect
only perceiving information from half of the brain or one hemisphere
somatoparaphrenia
delusion where one denies ownership of a limb
corpus callosum
white matter fibers connecting the left and right brain hemispheres
split brain
severing of the corpus callosum so hemispheres work independently
left hemisphere
dominant for language and speech ==> comes from right side pictures
right hemisphere
movement and drawing ==> comes from left visual field
hydranencephaly
condition where the portions of the brains cerebral hemispheres are absent and filled with cranial fluid instead
rasmussen syndrome
disruption of signaling from the right side of the brian
