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BIOSTATS > Intro: Names And Definitions > Flashcards

Intro: Names And Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

first to apply statistical methods to
the study of human differences and inheritance
of intelligence, and introduced the use of
Questionnaires and Surveys for collecting data
on human communities

A

Francis Galton

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2
Q

Published 15 articles on statistical methods

A

Austin Bradford Hill

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3
Q

application on statistics was published in physiology journal by?

A

DUNN

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4
Q

Key influence for RCT of streptomycin for PTB

A

Bradford Hill

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5
Q

did not employ statistical methods
- On Airs, Waters, and Places

A

Hippocrates

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6
Q

Small pox inoculation, resolve therapeutic debates, risk benefit analysis

A

Edward Jenner

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7
Q

published an anonymous pamphlet in 1722, in which he examined the London Bills of Mortality

A

John Arburthnot

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8
Q

estimated that the chance of dying from naturally-occurring smallpox was 1:10.

A

John Arburthnot

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9
Q

outbreak of scurvy

A

James Lind

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10
Q

the (modern) “father” of the controlled clinical trial

A

James Lind

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11
Q

one of the most prominent advocates for
applying the “numerical method” to medicine

A

Pierre - Charles - Alexandre Louis

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12
Q

physician who used an analogy to maritime insurance

A

Benigno Risueño d’Amador

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13
Q

claimed that relying on the numerical method would reduce the physician to “a shoemaker who after having measured the feet of a thousand persisted in fitting every one on the basis of the imaginary model.”

A

François Double

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14
Q

trained as an engineer before becoming a physician and used probability mathematics by applying the concept of the confidence interval to medical statistics.

A

Jules Gavarret

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15
Q

argued for his particular method of antiseptic surgery based on statistical studies

A

Joseph Lister

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16
Q

developed many modern statistical techniques to study biological variation – such as curve-fitting and
goodness-of-fit tests, as well as methods for measuring correlation

A

Karl Pearson

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17
Q

actively embrace Pearson’s recommendations

A

Major Greenwood

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18
Q

first professor of epidemiology and vital statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

A

Major Greenwood

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19
Q

Created the “Bradford Hill Criteria.”

A

Austin Bradford Hill

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20
Q

most prominent student of Greenwood and sought to educate the medical profession on the proper use of statistics

A

Austin Bradford Hill

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21
Q

Hypothesized that disease might be associated with the physical environment, including seasonal variation in illness

A

HIPPOCRATES

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22
Q

First to employ quantitative methods in describing population vital statistics

A

JOHN GRAUNT

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23
Q

Formulated natural epidemiological experiment to test the hypothesis that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water.

A

JOHN SNOW

24
Q

Used a case-control design to describe and test the association between smoking and lung cancer.

A

DOLL & HILL

25
Q

Huge formal field trial of the Poliomyelitis vaccine in school children.

A

FRANCES at al.

26
Q

Used the cohort design to study risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Heart Study.

A

DAWBER et al

27
Q

Scurvy could be treated with fresh fruit

A

JAMES LIND

28
Q

Established application of vital statistics for the evaluation of health problems.

A

WILLIAM FARR

29
Q

Systematized application of numerical thinking (quantitative reasoning)

A

ALEXANDER LOUIS

30
Q

Suggested criteria for establishing causation

A

BRADFORD HILL

31
Q

branch of statistics concerned with mathematical facts and data related to biological events

A

Biostatistics

32
Q

the science that helps in managing medical uncertainties and the application of statistical methods to the solution of biological problems.

A

Biostatistics

33
Q

study of frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases and other health-related conditions in a human population and the application of this study to the prevention of disease and promotion of health

A

Epidemiology

34
Q

application of mathematics to study statistics, using probability theory, linear algebra, measure theory, and stochastic analysis.

A

Mathematical statistics

35
Q

deals basically with situations

A

Mathematical statistics

36
Q

includes planning for the collection of data, managing data, analyzing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from data, and identifying problems, solutions and opportunities using the analysis.

A

Applied Statistics

37
Q

This major builds critical thinking and problem solving skills in data analysis and empirical research. In addition to career goals, it will prepare you for advanced degree programs in statistics and quantitative fields

A

Applied Statistics

38
Q

a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger population for measurement

A

Sample

39
Q

the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study

A

POPULATION

40
Q

also called a categorical variable, is a variable that isn’t numerical.

A

QUALITATIVE VARIABLES

41
Q

are numerical, they represent a measurable quantity.

A

QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES

42
Q

ones where researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test, treatment or
other intervention without trying to change who is or isn’t
exposed to it.

A

Observational studies

43
Q

Detailed presentation of a single case or handful of cases! Generally report a new or unique finding

A

Case Reports

44
Q

Experience of a group of patients with a similar diagnosis

A

Case Series

45
Q

treatment and exposures occur in a
“controlled” environment, planned research designs

A

Experimental Studies

46
Q

non-experimental, there is no individual intervention
• treatment and exposures occur in a “non- controlled” environment

A

Observational Studies

47
Q

An “observational” design that surveys exposures and disease status at a single point in time

A

Cross-sectional studies

48
Q

Often used to study conditions that are relatively frequent with long duration of expression (nonfatal, chronic conditions), It measures prevalence, not incidence of disease

A

Cross-sectional Studies

49
Q

an “observational” design comparing exposures in disease cases vs. healthy controls from same population

A

Case-Control Studies

50
Q

looks forward, looks to the future, examines future events, follows a condition, concern or disease into the future

A

Prospective Study

51
Q

“to look back”, looks back in time to study events that have already occurred

A

Retrospective Study

52
Q

investigator can “control” the exposure, generally involves random assignment to groups

A

Experimental Studies

53
Q

subjects in the study who actually receive the treatment of interest are called?

A

treatment group

54
Q

subjects in the study who receive no treatment or a different treatment are called?

A

comparison group

55
Q

a design with subjects randomly assigned to
“treatment” and “comparison” groups

A

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

56
Q

the “gold standard” of research designs
• provides most convincing evidence of relationship between exposure and effect

A

Randomized Controlled Trials

BIOSTATS (1 decks)

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