Intro module CDMM1 - 1.1 - 1.2 Flashcards
Define globalisation
An area of study, research + practice that places priority on improving health + achieving health equity for all people worldwide (Koplan et al., 2009)
Across borders + cooperative
What are the mechanisms for poor health outcomes due to globalisation? (Give at least 2)
Spread of infection - increased movement of goods + people
Spread of unhealthy lifestyles e.g. cultural globalisation, global trade + marketing
Brain drain in health sector = movement of professionals from LICs to HICs
Health risks due to global environmental change
Decreased government on public services due to SAPs
Inequitable access to food supplies due to asymmetries in global market
What are the mechanisms for good health outcomes due to globalisation? (Give at least 2)
Diffusion of knowledge + technologies
Improvement of healthcare + sanitation due to economic development
Global governance efforts - WHO FCTC
Free trade - increased access to affordable food supplies
What is the difference between globalisation + international health?
Globalisation = more integrated + multi-disciplinary approach; focuses on improving HEALTH + EQUITY
International health = focuses on health of the population of a country - views population as subjects
What are the 6 different domains of globalisation + what does globalisation aim to do with these domains?
Economic Culture Communication Technology Environment Governance
Aims to increase integration of different domains
What is the best public health indicator to illustrate the gap between HICs and LICs?
Maternal mortality - has the greatest gap between rich + poor
Name 8 different types of communicable diseases
TB HIV - 30 million worldwide w/ 70-80% in SSA Malaria Hep B/C HPV - causes cervical cancer Diarrhoeal diseases Influenza
What are the 3 types of tools that can be used to control infectious diseases?
Delivered directly to patients e.g. vaccines, drugs
Influence healthcare setting e.g. infection control procedures
Targeting broader policy changes aimed at reducing environmental transmission e.g. food standards, clean water provision
What are the 2 types of biomedical interventions?
Prevention
Diagnosis of diseases + drug-resistance
What are the 3 types of prevention strategies?
Vaccination - cost-effective
Chemoprophylaxis e.g. anti-malarial tablets
Barrier methods e.g. microbicides for HIV
What are the 3 types of treatment methods?
Prevent onward transmission
Short treatments e.g. influenza
Long treatments e.g. 18 months for drug-resistance TB
