Intro Kinesiology FINAL Flashcards
What is Sport Psychology?
- The study of human thoughts, emotion and behavior in physical activity
- Theories & interventions to enhance performance, participation and personal growth
Areas of Focus/ dimensions of participation in sport (sport psych)
- motivation
- personality
- violence
- leadership
- group dynamics
Goals of sport psych know 2
- Consistently create the ideal mental climate that enables athletes to perform at their best
- Identify ways to manage competitive stress
- Improve confidence and concentration
- Increase communication skills and team harmony
Interventions
Positive self-talk:
Process of eliminating negative thoughts, and promoting constructive ones
What are two examples of interventions/positive self-talk?
Mental imagery and progressive muscle relaxation
Mental imagery
Participant imagines performing specific tasks from first person perspective/“feel” of the activity and look of the activity
Progressive muscle relaxation
Alternatively contracting and relaxing muscle groups/promotes relaxation and body awareness
Importance of motivation
Considered to be the foundation of sport performance and achievement/dependent on internal (personal) and external factors
Motivation is generally identified through…
Behavioral patterns
Highly motivated individuals tend to:
- try hard
- seek out challenge
- persist through adversity
Individuals not highly motivated tend to:
- hold back on training
- prefer to complete tasks that are easy
- contemplate quitting
What are three types of motivation?
Amotivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation
Amotivation
No identifiable reasons for participation
Intrinsic motivation
Participation is inspired by an inherent pleasure for the activity
External regulation
Behavior is performed to receive external rewards
Introjected regulation
Participation is driven by internal rewards/punishment
Identified regulation
Participation is present, but it is not considered fun
Individuals feel and act more motivated when:
- They believe they have competence in the task
2. Believe they have some control in regard to participation
Increasing motivation
Develop/ improve intrinsic motivation and improve self-efficacy
Cause of burnout
Too much training stress and not enough recovery time/source of motivation
Signs of burnout
- Feelings of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion
- drop/plateau in motivation and performance
Preventing burnout
- parents, coaches, trainers, should promote participation in a variety of training/activities
- focus on quality of training instead of quantity
- important for the athlete to test when signs appear
Therapeutic exercise
Utilization of exercise programs to improve motor function to a level that enables people to meet personal or career goals
Sports medicine
Prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of athletic injuries
Goals of therapeutic exercise know 2
- Restore muscle function and strength
- Increase joint range of motion
- Improve proprioception (kinesthetic awareness/recognize where body is in space; modify)
- Increase cardiovascular and pulmonary function
Athletic trainer
- Professional who attends to the direct health care of athletes or others engaged in physical activity
- works under the supervision of a licensed physician
Physical therapist
A professional who provides rehabilitative care to a diverse population with a wide range of injuries, illnesses, and diseases
Therapy components
- diagnostic tests
- manual techniques
- therapeutic exercise
- modalities
Occupational therapy
A professional who assists people with disabilities to restore or maintain independence in daily living
OTs specialize in:
- functional bracing
- modification of everyday activities
- trade-specific and work-related rehabilitation
Who could benefit from OT?
- children with disabilities
- those recovering from an injury
- elderly adults experiencing physical/cognitive changes
OT vs. PT
OT: aimed at improving functional daily activities or “occupation”
PT: aimed T improving dysfunctions and treating a person’s injury with manual techniques
Strength and conditioning specialist
- design resistance and cardiovascular training programs based on demands of specific sports
- may work together with ATCs, PTs, or doctors
Strength and conditioning specialist Professional settings know 2
- universities
- health clubs
- professional teams
- corporate fitness
Biomechanics
Study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement of or structure of living organisms
Uses concepts of physics
Factors affecting human performance:
- sensations
- anatomy
- the environment
- prior experience
Goals of biomechanics
Understand how the basic laws of physics affect and shape the structure and function of the human body
Apply biomechanics knowledge to:
- improve the outcomes of movements
- increase or maintain the safety/health of tissues
Biomechanics research focus
- center of gravity
- projection of the body or an object
- transfer of momentum
Center of gravity
Average location of the weight of an object
Location or COG can vary from person to person
Newton’s 1st law
Law of inertia: an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted in by a force
Newton’s 2nd law
Law of acceleration: acceleration is produced when a force (the action) acts on a mass
-the greater the mass, the greater the amount of force is needed
Newton’s 3rd Law
Law of Action & Reaction: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
-when an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction with equal force
Wolff’s Law
If enough force is applied to bones, and is done so rapidly, bone will be stimulated to increase mass
If no force is placed on bones, mass will be lost
Sprinters v. Long distance runners
Ergonomist
Utilized principles of biomechanics to ensure the health, safety, and comfort of those in a given setting
- equipment development
- job site analysis
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Amount of energy expended while at rest
How many kcals are in carbohydrates?
4kcals/gram
How many kcals are in fat?
9 kcals/gram
How many kcals are in protein?
4 kcals/gram
