Intro: Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

What kind of tissue is bone and what does it do?

A

connective
protects internal organs, provides rigid links, muscle attachments, and helps muscle activation

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2
Q

epiphysis

A

end of bone, growth plates

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3
Q

metaphysis

A

tapered area between epiphysis and diasphysis

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4
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of bone

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5
Q

endosteum

A

inner layer of bone

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6
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy bone
end of long bones, flat bones, and trabeculae

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7
Q

trabeculae are laid down in response to ______

A

stress

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8
Q

cortical bone

A

compact bone, dense, multiple layers, thin layer surrounding cancellous bone

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9
Q

periosteum

A

tough fibrous layer surrounding bone, vascular and innervated
two layers: outer (fibrous layers), inner (holds fibrous layer to bone)

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10
Q

sharpey’s fiber

A

pass through periosteum to attach ligaments and tendons directly onto bone

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11
Q

what kind of tissue is cartilage

A

connective

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12
Q

where is articular cartilage (hyaline)?

A

on joint surfaces, periosteum, becomes articular cartilage at the end of long bones

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13
Q

function of articular cartilage

A

distributes loads over wide area, prevents friction and wear, not innervated

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14
Q

where is fibrous cartilage found?

A

synovial joints (menisci, discs, labrum)

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15
Q

function of fibrous cartilage

A

provides stability, assists with load distribution

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16
Q

joint capsule

A

collagenous structure that encapsulates joints and contain movement

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17
Q

two layers of joint capsule

A

1) fibrous outer layer attached to periosteum
2)synovial membrane inner layer which produces synovial fluid, highly vascular and innervated, contains more cells and less collagen

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18
Q

plica

A

from fetal development
synovial membrane is broken into 3 compartments (sometimes they go away and sometimes they don’t)

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19
Q

what kind of tissue are ligaments and tendons

A

fibrous connective

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20
Q

what is a ligament

A

collagenous structure that attaches bone to bone

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21
Q

two kinds of ligaments

A

joint capsule thickenings or distinct structures (specific functions, collagen is aligned to prevent movement)

22
Q

what is a tendon

A

collagenous structure that connects muscle to bone, more specific function that a ligament

23
Q

fascia

A

bond of fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle together

24
Q

bursae

A

pocket like accumulations of fluid found between tendon, muscle and bone

25
fat pads
concentrations of synovial tissue
26
synarthroses fibrous
fibrous (sutures in the skull, gomphoses in the teeth)
27
syndesmoses
a joint in which the bones are united by a ligament or a sheet of fibrous tissue (distal tib-fib)
28
synarthoses cartilaginous
symphasis (pubic rami)
29
diarthroses (synovial joints)
joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial tissue and fluid, hyaline cartilage
30
types of diathrodial joints
uniaxial (hinge and pivot joints) biaxial (condyloid and saddle) triaxial/multiaxial (plane and ball and socket)
31
three planes of movement
sagittal frontal transverse
32
osteokinematics
movement of the bones relative to one another
33
sagittal plane motion
flexion/extension
34
transverse plane motion
internal and external rotation
35
arthrokinematic motion
joint motion (rolling, gliding, spinning)
36
joint motion - rolling
the direction in which the joint surface rolls in the same as the bone is moving
37
joint motion - gliding
pure translation
38
concave on convex - roll and glide occur in the ___ direction
same
39
convex on concave - roll and glide occur in the ______ direction
opposite
40
joint motion - spin
internal and external rotation
41
goniometry
measurement of joint angles
42
goniometry measures ____ motion
osteokinematic
43
active range of motion
patient is moving the body part
44
passive range of motion
PT is moving the body part
45
resisted range of motion
patient moves the body part against resistance
46
factors that affect range of motion
muscle length, joint capsule or ligament restriction, loose body within a joint
47
universal goniometers
standard clinical measuring tools
48
gravity dependent goniometers (inclinometers)
used primarily with the spine
49
electrogonimeters
used in research
50
arms of the goniometer are commonly aligned ______ to the ______ axis of the moving bones
parallel longitudinal
51
fulcrum of the goniometer is aligned over the _______
joint axis