intro into anatomy

Question 1

Purposeful Movement

Answer 1

meaning behind the motion, recognizing movement as an outflow of individual volition

Question 2

Anatomical terms

Answer 2

Posterior:
 Back or dorsal
Anterior:
 Front, volar, or ventral
Medial and lateral:
 Closer to or farther from midline
Proximal - towards
distal - away
Radial and ulnar:
 Relative position on forearm, wrist,
and hand
Cranial – direction of the skull
Caudal – beneath or toward the tail
Ipsilateral – same side of body
Contralateral – opposite side of body

Question 3

Musculoskeletal Terms

Answer 3

Origin:
 Attachment that moves the least
 Usually proximal
Insertion:
 More movable attachment
 Usually distal
Palpation:
 Use of physical touch to identify
structures
Surface anatomy:
 Features that are palpable or visible on surface of skin
Bony landmark:
 Component of bone that protrudes beneath skin

Question 4

Kinesiology

Answer 4

the study of anatomy and mechanics
in relation to human movement

Question 5

Sagittal plane

Answer 5

 Divides body into right and left sides
 Flexion and extension movements

Question 6

Frontal Plane

Answer 6

anterior and posterior portions
 Abduction and adduction movements

Question 7

Transverse plane:

Answer 7

 Divides body into inferior and superior portions
 Rotatory (rotary) movements

Question 8

Axes of Motion

Answer 8

Joints rotate around axes of motion.
Axis is joint’s center of rotation

Question 9

Frontal axis:

Answer 9

Medial to lateral

Question 10

Sagittal axis:

Answer 10

Anterior to posterior

Question 11

Vertical axis:

Answer 11

Inferior to superior

Question 12

Kinetic Chains

Answer 12

Cooperative, interdependent movement of segments and joints
of the body

Question 13

Closed-chain:

Answer 13

Functional movement
 Proximal joints moving in relation to fixed/distal segment
 Promote stabilization
 Examples:
 Pushing a grocery cart
 Squatting to pick up a box

Question 14

Open-chain:

Answer 14

 Free movement of distal segment in space
 Allows joints to move together OR independently of others
 Promotes mobility
 Example: conducting an orchestra

Question 15

Force:

Answer 15

Any push or pull of matter
Tensile force:
 Pulling
Compressive force:
 Pushing

Question 16

Levers:

Answer 16

 Pulley systems
 Provide mechanical advantage
 Generate functional motion

Question 17

First-class lever:

Answer 17

Exerted force and resistive force
on opposite sides of axis
 Examples: seesaw, human neck

Question 18

Second-class lever:

Answer 18

Resistive force closer to
axis than exerted force
and on same side
 Examples: using a
wheelbarrow, the ankle

Question 19

Third-class lever:

Answer 19

 Most common in human body
 Allows for higher-velocity
movements
1.16 Shoveling is an example

Question 20

Ligaments and Tendons

Answer 20

-Connect bone to bone
 Joint stability
-Connect muscle to bone
 Transfer force

Question 21

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Answer 21

spherical surface fits into concave
depression
 Most mobile
 Rotates around three axes
 Example: glenohumeral joint
and shoulder

Question 22

Ellipsoid Joint

Answer 22

Oval-shaped convex end articulates
with elliptical concave basin of
another
 Motion around two axes
 Example: radiocarpal joint

Question 23

Hinge Joint

Answer 23

Motion around single axis
 Only flexion and extension
 Collateral ligaments limiting medial
and lateral movement
 Example: humeroulnar (elbow) joint

Question 24

Saddle Joint

Answer 24

Modified ellipsoid joint
 Convex and concave articulating
surfaces
 Motion around two axes
 Example: carpometacarpal (CMC)
joint of thumb

Question 25

Gliding Joint

Answer 25

Two flat surfaces of adjacent bones
 Least movement
 Translation (gliding) movements
between surfaces
 Example: carpal bones of the wrist

Question 26

Pivot Joint

Answer 26

 Motion around one axis
 Bones rotating around another
 Example: atlantoaxial joint