INTRO II body system Flashcards
Blood from the heart travels in?
Arteries
Arteries are/have ?
Thick wall, are muscular and rigid
Blood to the heart travels in?
Vein
Veins are/have?
have thin walls, less muscular, and have valves
Tend to be larger and more expandable and contain about 80% of the bodies blood at any given time
Vein
connect arterial supply with venous supply and allow for nutrient transfer to cells
capillaries
transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body system
capillaries
Smallest blood vessel in the vascular system
capillaries
3 types of arteries
Large (elastic) arteries
medium (muscular) arteries
Small (arterioles) arteries
Features of large (elastic) arteries
Contain multiple elastic layers
Expand to handle cardiac output and maintain blood pressure
Examples: Aorta, arteries at aortic arch, pulmonary artery
Features of medium (muscular) arteries
Contain most smooth muscle fibers
Can vasoconstrict to regulate blood flow
Examples: Most named blood vessels (i.e. femoral artery, brachial artery
Features of small (arterioles) arteries
Narrow lumen with thick muscular wall
Regulate capillary filling and vascular pressure
High tonus in arterioles can lead to hypertension
Usually not named and can only be viewed under a microscope
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries (most common disease of the arteries
The buildup of fatty plaques within arterial walls can cause
Arteriosclerosis
Any disruption in blood flow or local tissue death is called
infarct
Capillaries are composed of just
tunica intimal layer, a single endothelial tube
Capillaries connect arterioles(smallest artery) with venules (smallest vein) via a network called
Capillary bed
What are the 3 types of veins
small veins (venules)
medium vein
large vein
Features of small veins
Drain capillary beds
Form venous plexuses
Unnamed, can only be viewed with a microscope
Fill in:
Aterioles ____venules
capillary bed
Features of medium veins
Drain venous plexuses
Contain venous valves to ensure unidirectional blood flow
Examples: Named superficial veins like cephalic and saphenous
Features of large veins
Contain lots of smooth muscle and prominent tunica adventitia
Examples: Superior and inferior Vena Cava
what part of the body is venous plexus found?
Dorsum of the foot, Rectal plexus, Esophageal plexus
Venous Plexus are?
Collection of small veins, creating a network usually surrounding arteries
Venous Valves are?
Cusps of endothelial tissue in medium veins
An abnormal swelling of a vein due to weakening of the wall, often due to increased venous pressure
varicose vein
Varicose veins are often found in?
leg, rectum (hemorrhoids)
The lymphatic system provides drainage of extra cellular fluid called
lymph
The lymphatic system plays an important role in the immune system by
supplying lymphocytes to fight infection
lymph travels through____into_____
lymphatic vessels into lymphatic trunk
Lack of lymph drainage leads to?
excess fluid buildup in tissue known as edema
Reactive lymph tissue from infection results in painful enlargement of the lymph node and/or lymphoid organs and is known as
lymphadenitis
i.e. tonsillitis
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis (outermost layer)
Dermis (middle layer)
Hypodermis (deepest layer also know as the subcutaneous tissue)
Protective layer of the skin
No blood vessels or lymphatics?
Epidermis
Dense, elastic layer (elastic and collagen fibers)
Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerves
Controls heat loss and retention through small arterioles
Dermis
Mostly fat and loose connective tissue
Holds most of the neurovascular of the integument system
Stores most of the bodies fat
Provides insulation for body core
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
organized connective tissue that helps compartmentalize various structures of the body
Fascia
Types of fascia?
Deep fascia
investing fascia
What fascia is a dense connective tissue, deep to the subcutaneous tissue running parallel with the skin, covering most of the body
Deep Fascia
What fascia is an extension from the internal surface of deep fascia to cover structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles. Varies in thickness
Investing Fascia
Also called tension lines or cleavage lines
Langer lines- follow the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis and underlying muscle fibers.
A 1st degree burn is damage to what part of the skin
dermis only (superficial)
A 2nd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin
Epidermis and upper dermis (partial thickness)
A 3rd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin
Epidermis and dermis as well as subcutaneous tissue (full thickness)
A 4th degree burn is damage to what part of the skin
Entire skin and underlying fascia
The skeleton is composed of ?
bone and cartilage both of which are living tissue
A point where two or more bones meet is known as
A joint
specialized hardened connective tissue that provides support and protection for structures
Bone
semirigid connective tissue which can add flexibility to parts of the skeleton
Cartilage
Cartilages are found in?
Articulating surfaces of joint (where bone meet bone)
discrete bundles of dense connective tissue that help connect bone to bone
ligaments
Axial skeleton ?
Central skeleton that includes bones of the head, neck and trunk
Appendicular skeleton?
The bones of the limbs, including shoulder and pelvis
What are the types of muscle?
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
unstraited, involuntary, found in organs and vessels
Cardiac muscle
Straited, found in myocardium, involuntary
Skeletal
straited,named muscle voluntary
Flat tendonous sheets are known as
aponeuroses
Non-contractile part of the muscle is the
tendon
What are functions of the muscle
Prime mover- the main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
fixator- steadying the proximal part of the limb during isometric contraction while movement occurs distally
synergist- weaker supporting muscles that work with the prime mover muscle to achieve the intended movement
Antagonist-opposes the direction of another muscle through eccentric contraction
