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Introduction to Body system > INTRO II body system > Flashcards

INTRO II body system Flashcards

1
Q

Blood from the heart travels in?

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Arteries are/have ?

A

Thick wall, are muscular and rigid

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3
Q

Blood to the heart travels in?

A

Vein

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4
Q

Veins are/have?

A

have thin walls, less muscular, and have valves

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5
Q

Tend to be larger and more expandable and contain about 80% of the bodies blood at any given time

A

Vein

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6
Q

connect arterial supply with venous supply and allow for nutrient transfer to cells

A

capillaries

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7
Q

transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body system

A

capillaries

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8
Q

Smallest blood vessel in the vascular system

A

capillaries

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9
Q

3 types of arteries

A

Large (elastic) arteries
medium (muscular) arteries
Small (arterioles) arteries

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10
Q

Features of large (elastic) arteries

A

Contain multiple elastic layers
Expand to handle cardiac output and maintain blood pressure
Examples: Aorta, arteries at aortic arch, pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Features of medium (muscular) arteries

A

Contain most smooth muscle fibers
Can vasoconstrict to regulate blood flow
Examples: Most named blood vessels (i.e. femoral artery, brachial artery

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12
Q

Features of small (arterioles) arteries

A

Narrow lumen with thick muscular wall
Regulate capillary filling and vascular pressure
High tonus in arterioles can lead to hypertension
Usually not named and can only be viewed under a microscope

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13
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries (most common disease of the arteries

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14
Q

The buildup of fatty plaques within arterial walls can cause

A

Arteriosclerosis

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15
Q

Any disruption in blood flow or local tissue death is called

A

infarct

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16
Q

Capillaries are composed of just

A

tunica intimal layer, a single endothelial tube

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17
Q

Capillaries connect arterioles(smallest artery) with venules (smallest vein) via a network called

A

Capillary bed

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of veins

A

small veins (venules)
medium vein
large vein

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19
Q

Features of small veins

A

Drain capillary beds
Form venous plexuses
Unnamed, can only be viewed with a microscope

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20
Q

Fill in:
Aterioles ____venules

A

capillary bed

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21
Q

Features of medium veins

A

Drain venous plexuses
Contain venous valves to ensure unidirectional blood flow
Examples: Named superficial veins like cephalic and saphenous

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22
Q

Features of large veins

A

Contain lots of smooth muscle and prominent tunica adventitia
Examples: Superior and inferior Vena Cava

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23
Q

what part of the body is venous plexus found?

A

Dorsum of the foot, Rectal plexus, Esophageal plexus

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23
Q

Venous Plexus are?

A

Collection of small veins, creating a network usually surrounding arteries

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24
Q

Venous Valves are?

A

Cusps of endothelial tissue in medium veins

25
Q

An abnormal swelling of a vein due to weakening of the wall, often due to increased venous pressure

A

varicose vein

26
Q

Varicose veins are often found in?

A

leg, rectum (hemorrhoids)

27
Q

The lymphatic system provides drainage of extra cellular fluid called

A

lymph

28
Q

The lymphatic system plays an important role in the immune system by

A

supplying lymphocytes to fight infection

29
Q

lymph travels through____into_____

A

lymphatic vessels into lymphatic trunk

30
Q

Lack of lymph drainage leads to?

A

excess fluid buildup in tissue known as edema

31
Q

Reactive lymph tissue from infection results in painful enlargement of the lymph node and/or lymphoid organs and is known as

A

lymphadenitis
i.e. tonsillitis

32
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis (outermost layer)
Dermis (middle layer)
Hypodermis (deepest layer also know as the subcutaneous tissue)

33
Q

Protective layer of the skin
No blood vessels or lymphatics?

A

Epidermis

34
Q

Dense, elastic layer (elastic and collagen fibers)
Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerves
Controls heat loss and retention through small arterioles

A

Dermis

35
Q

Mostly fat and loose connective tissue
Holds most of the neurovascular of the integument system
Stores most of the bodies fat
Provides insulation for body core

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

36
Q

organized connective tissue that helps compartmentalize various structures of the body

A

Fascia

37
Q

Types of fascia?

A

Deep fascia
investing fascia

38
Q

What fascia is a dense connective tissue, deep to the subcutaneous tissue running parallel with the skin, covering most of the body

A

Deep Fascia

39
Q

What fascia is an extension from the internal surface of deep fascia to cover structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles. Varies in thickness

A

Investing Fascia

40
Q

Also called tension lines or cleavage lines

A

Langer lines- follow the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis and underlying muscle fibers.

41
Q

A 1st degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

A

dermis only (superficial)

42
Q

A 2nd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

A

Epidermis and upper dermis (partial thickness)

43
Q

A 3rd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis as well as subcutaneous tissue (full thickness)

44
Q

A 4th degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

A

Entire skin and underlying fascia

45
Q

The skeleton is composed of ?

A

bone and cartilage both of which are living tissue

46
Q

A point where two or more bones meet is known as

A

A joint

47
Q

specialized hardened connective tissue that provides support and protection for structures

A

Bone

48
Q

semirigid connective tissue which can add flexibility to parts of the skeleton

A

Cartilage

49
Q

Cartilages are found in?

A

Articulating surfaces of joint (where bone meet bone)

50
Q

discrete bundles of dense connective tissue that help connect bone to bone

A

ligaments

51
Q

Axial skeleton ?

A

Central skeleton that includes bones of the head, neck and trunk

52
Q

Appendicular skeleton?

A

The bones of the limbs, including shoulder and pelvis

53
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

54
Q

Smooth muscle

A

unstraited, involuntary, found in organs and vessels

55
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Straited, found in myocardium, involuntary

56
Q

Skeletal

A

straited,named muscle voluntary

57
Q

Flat tendonous sheets are known as

A

aponeuroses

58
Q

Non-contractile part of the muscle is the

A

tendon

59
Q

What are functions of the muscle

A

Prime mover- the main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
fixator- steadying the proximal part of the limb during isometric contraction while movement occurs distally
synergist- weaker supporting muscles that work with the prime mover muscle to achieve the intended movement
Antagonist-opposes the direction of another muscle through eccentric contraction

Introduction to Body system (1 decks)

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