Intro, History, And Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

“To Cut Up”
-structure of body parts, their forms and arrangements

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

-“discourse on movement”

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3
Q

Movement

A

-underlying theme during the semester

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4
Q

Levels of structure

A

-Elements
-cells for a tissue
-tissue forms and organ
-organ forms organ system
-organ system for organisms

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5
Q

Framework

A

-bone
-ligament
-tendons

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6
Q

Force producers

A

-muscles

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7
Q

Triggers and sensors

A

-Nerves

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8
Q

Energy delivery

A

-heart
-vessels
-lungs

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9
Q

Particle anatomical

A

-knowledge used for survival

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10
Q

Trepanation

A

Ritual

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11
Q

Chinese used what?

A

Acupuncture and herbs for healing (3,000BC)

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12
Q

Egyptians began what?

A

Enameling (mummies) (2,000BC)

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13
Q

What was anatomy first accepted as in Greece?

A

Science (800 BC)

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14
Q

Homer

A

-Greek author
-made detailed descriptions of battle wounds in the lilad
(They weren’t clean battle wounds)

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15
Q

Hippocrates

A

-Greek physician
-Father of medicine
-Established sound principles of medical practice
-created the four humors

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16
Q

What are the four humors?

A

-blood
-yellow bile
-phlegm
-black bile

17
Q

Aristotle

A

-Greek philosopher
-student of Plato
-movement observations
-comparative anatomy

18
Q

What did Aristotle think the heart and brain were to the body?

A

-heart: seat of intelligence
-brains: cools blood

19
Q

Galen

A

-1st physician to the gladiators
-writings in anatomy and physiology
-learned from animals that led to wrong assumptions
-perpetuated the four humors

20
Q

Leonardo de Vinci

A

-Italian polymath
-not limited to painting and sculpting

21
Q

Andreas Vesalius

A

-reformer of anatomy
-questions Galens theories

22
Q

X-Ray

A

-for bone mostly

23
Q

Ultrasonography

A

-uses high frequency sound waves, which reflect back to transducer
-different densities
-blood flow rates

24
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

-protons in tissue respond to pulse of radio waves while they are being magnetized
-different densities detected
-NO METAL NEAR

25
Q

computerized tomography (CT/CAT)

A

-x-ray beam moves in a circle around the body
-this allows for many detailed views of the same organ or structure

26
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

-uses radioactive tracers
Diagnostic tool:
-Alzheimer’s disease
-cancer
-organ function
-heart conditions
-brain disorders

27
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

-covering and lining
-protect and absorb and secret
Ex:
-skin
-Digestive tract
-organs
-urethra
-pleural cavities

28
Q

Connective tissue

A

-connects and protects
-most abundant tissue
-cells quite dispense
-most common component is collagen

29
Q

Fascia

A

-enveloping sheaths
-binds structures

30
Q

Bursa

A

-Pocket-like accumulations of fluid
-found in regions where shock and friction are common

31
Q

Tendon

A

-connect muscle to bone
-dense,parallel collagen
-aponeuroses (flattened tendon)

32
Q

Ligament

A

-Bone to bone
-dense parallel collagen eons tissue
-All joints: intra vs extra-capsular

33
Q

Cartilage

A

-Fibers with jellylike subsatnce
-framework is resistant to damage
-hyaline vs fibrocartilage

34
Q

Bone

A

-Hardest of the connective tissues
-matrix contains calcium and phosphorus which harden
-does contain collagen

35
Q

Muscle tissues

A

-produces force

36
Q

Types of muscle tissues

A

-mouth
-cardiac
-skeletal

37
Q

Nervous tissue

A

-senses, integrates initiates actions
-muscle cannot contract without nervous stimulation
Two type of cells: neurons, neuroglia