Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*Urinary System > Intro + Gross Anatomy/Histology > Flashcards

Intro + Gross Anatomy/Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 components of the urinary system

A

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 5 functions of the urinary system

A
  • Removes metabolic waste from blood by filtration and excretion (most important)
  • Regulates plasma electrolytes + BP (by renin angiotensin mechanism)
  • Helps stabilise pH
  • Reabsorption of small molecules (amino acids, glucose + peptides)
  • Produces EPO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Between what levels do the kidneys lie at?

A

T12-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the R kidney slightly lower than L kidney?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(sidenote) What level does the transpyloric plane cross?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Try n name the anterior relations of the kidney

A

Right: R suprarenal gland, liver, colic flexure, duodenum

Left: L suprarenal gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, descending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the posterior relations of the kidney?

A

Subcostal nerve

Iliohypogastric nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

(12th rib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label the following components of the kidney capsule and fascia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Label the following components of the internal structure of the kidneys

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 main constrictions of the ureter?

A
  1. Abdominal part: ureter passes over inferior renal pole
  2. Pelvic part: ureter crosses over external iliac vessels
  3. Intramural part: ureter traverses the bladder wall

(possible 4: ureter passes behind testicular + ovarian vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the order of the vessels at the renal hilum - anterior to posterior?

A

Vein

Artery

Pelvis

(VAP!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the different parts of the kidney

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 (essentially non-anastomosing) branches of the renal artery?

A

Segmental branches (x5)

Interlobar

Arcuate branches pass around circumference

Interlobular branches which ultimately supply each nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the renal artery a branch of?

A

Abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the venous drainage of the kidneys?

A

Renal veins - 1 on each side which drains into the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

A

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

Renal plexus

  • Sympathetic: T10-L1
  • Sensory afferent: T11-L2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the median umbilical ligament in the urinary bladder arise from?

A

Embryonic urachus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are the 2 median umbilical folds located and where are the 2 lateral umbilical folds?

A

Medial = occluded umbilical artery

Lateral = inferior epigastric vessels

21
Q

What nerves control the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Autonomic nervous system - involuntary

22
Q

What nerves contol the external urethral sphincter?

A

Somatic nerves - voluntary

23
Q

Name the 4 parts of the male urethra

A
24
Q

What are the 2 holes in the prostatic part of the male urethra for?

A

Vas deferens (join with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct)

25
Q

What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?

A

Membranous part

26
Q

What is the most dilated part of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic part

27
Q

What is the longest part of the male urethra?

A

Spongy part

28
Q

What are the arteries of the urinary bladder?

A

Branches of the internal iliac artery

29
Q

What are the veins of the urinary bladder?

A

Internal iliac veins

30
Q

What are the lymphatics for the suprapubic and infrapubic parts of the urinary bladder?

A

Suprapubic: external iliac lymph nodes

Infrapubic: internal iliac lymph nodes

31
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the urinary bladder?

A

T11-L2 (constrict internal urethral sphincter)

32
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the urinary bladder?

A

S2-S4 (motor to detrusor muscle)

33
Q

What is the afferent/sensory supply to the urinary bladder?

A

pain/distention of bladder goes via mainly parasympathetic fibres

34
Q

What is the somatic nerve supply to the urinary bladder?

A

Pudendal nerve (external urethral sphincter)

35
Q

Study this

A
36
Q

What is the kidney nephron composed of?

A

Renal corpuscles

Renal tubules

37
Q

What are renal corpuscles composed of?

A

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

38
Q

What part of the kidney is this?

A

Cortex

39
Q

What is found in the kidney cortex (so is seen in histology)?

A

Renal corpuscles

Proximal convuluted tubules (cuboidal + microvilli)

Distal convuluted tubules (cuboidal)

Collecting tubule/duct (cuboidal)

40
Q

What part of the kidney is this?

A

Medulla

41
Q

What is found in the medulla of the kidneys (and so is seen in histology)?

A

Proximal convuluted tubules

Distal convuluted tubules

Loop of Henle (thin segment = squamous)

Collecting tubule/duct

42
Q

What is shown in this histology?

A

Ureter

43
Q

What are some characteristics of the ureter histology? What epithelium is found there?

A

Star-shaped lumen

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle

Outer circular SM

Transitional epithelium

44
Q

What part of the urinary system is shown?

A

Bladder

45
Q

What type of epithelium and muscle is seen in the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle

Middle circular smooth muscle

Outer longitudinal smooth muscle

46
Q

What are 5 common urinary system pathologies?

A
  • UTI
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Kidney stone/renal calculi
  • Kidney failure and dialysis
  • Urinary incontinence
47
Q

What are 2 important markers for kidney disease?

A

HIGH protein (albumin) level (urine)/proteinuria

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

(increased level of serum creatinine/urea)

48
Q

Descibe some common renal developmental anomalies

A

*Urinary System (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions