Intro Gpp

Question 1

Sources of Drugs

Answer 1

Sources of Drugs
• Plant sources
• Animal sources
• Mineral/ Earth sources
• Semi synthetic sources/ Synthetic sources
• Microbiological sources
• Recombinant DNA technology

Question 2

Plant Sources – Leaves
• The leaves of ———- are the source of Digitoxin and Digoxin which are ——-
• Leaves of ——— give oil of ——- which is important component of cough syrup.
• ——- leaves give nicotine.
• ————— gives atropine.

Answer 2

Plant Sources – Leaves
• The leaves of Digitalis purpurea are the source of Digitoxin and Digoxin which are cardiac glycosides.
• Leaves of Eucalyptus give oil of Eucalyptus which is important component of cough syrup.
• Tobacco leaves give nicotine.
• Atropa belladonna gives atropine.

Question 3

Plant Sources – Leaves
• The leaves of Digitalis purpurea are the source of ———-
• Leaves of Eucalyptus give oil of Eucalyptus which is important component of ———-.
• Tobacco leaves give ———-.
• Atropa belladonna gives ———.

Answer 3

Plant Sources – Leaves
• The leaves of Digitalis purpurea are the source of Digitoxin and Digoxin which are cardiac glycosides.
• Leaves of Eucalyptus give oil of Eucalyptus which is important component of cough syrup.
• Tobacco leaves give nicotine.
• Atropa belladonna gives atropine.

Question 4

Plant Sources – Flowers
• ———— gives morphine (opioid)
• ——— gives vincristine and vinblastine
• ——- gives rose water used as tonic.

Answer 4

Plant Sources – Flowers
• Poppy Papaver somniferum gives morphine (opioid) • Vinca rosea gives vincristine and vinblastine
• Rose gives rose water used as tonic.

Question 5

Plant Sources – Flowers
• Poppy Papaver somniferum gives ——
• Vinca rosea gives ——— and ———
• Rose gives rose water used as ——-.

Answer 5

Plant Sources – Flowers
• Poppy Papaver somniferum gives morphine (opioid) • Vinca rosea gives vincristine and vinblastine
• Rose gives rose water used as tonic.

Question 6

Plant Fruits
• Senna glycosides or sennosides from Sennas (e.g. S. alexandrina) are used in modern medicine as ———-.

Answer 6

Fruits
• Senna glycosides or sennosides from Sennas (e.g. S. alexandrina) are used in modern medicine as laxatives.

Question 7

Fruits
• ———— are used in modern medicine as laxatives.

Answer 7

Fruits
• Senna glycosides or sennosides from Sennas (e.g. S. alexandrina) are used in modern medicine as laxatives.

Question 8

Plant Sources – Seeds
• ————— give strychnine which is a CNS stimulant.
• —————gives castor oil.
• —————- gives physostigmine which is a ———— drug.

Answer 8

Plant Sources – Seeds
• Strychnos nux-vomica L give strychnine which is a CNS stimulant.
• Ricinus communis (castor bean) gives castor oil.
• Physostigma venenosum (Calabar beans) gives physostigmine which is a cholinomimetic drug.

Question 9

Plant Sources – Seeds
• Strychnos nux-vomica L give ——— which is a CNS stimulant.
• Ricinus communis (castor bean) gives ———-
• Physostigma venenosum (Calabar beans) gives ——— which is a cholinomimetic drug.

Answer 9

Plant Sources – Seeds
• Strychnos nux-vomica L give strychnine which is a CNS stimulant.
• Ricinus communis (castor bean) gives castor oil.
• Physostigma venenosum (Calabar beans) gives physostigmine which is a cholinomimetic drug.

Question 10

Plant Sources – Roots
• Dried root of ————- gives Ipecacuanha/emetine used to induce ———- in ————. It also has amoebicidal properties.
• ———— gives reserpine which was used as hypotensive agent.

Answer 10

Plant Sources – Roots
• Dried root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha gives Ipecacuanha/emetine used to induce vomiting in accidental poisoning. It also has amoebicidal properties.
• Rauwolfia serpentina gives reserpine which was used as hypotensive agent.

Question 11

Plant Sources – Roots
• Dried root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha gives ———— used to induce vomiting in accidental poisoning. It also has amoebicidal properties.
• Rauwolfia serpentina gives ——— which was used as hypotensive agent.

Answer 11

Plant Sources – Roots
• Dried root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha gives Ipecacuanha/emetine used to induce vomiting in accidental poisoning. It also has amoebicidal properties.
• Rauwolfia serpentina gives reserpine which was used as hypotensive agent.

Question 12

Plant Sources – Bark
• ——— gives quinine and quinidine which are antimalarial drugs. Quinidine also has ——— properties.
• ———— gives atropine which is an anticholinergic agent.
• ———— gives hyoscine (scopolamine) which is also anticholinergic.

Answer 12

Plant Sources – Bark
• Cinchona bark gives quinine and quinidine which are antimalarial drugs. Quinidine also has antiarrhythmic properties.
• Atropa belladonna gives atropine which is an anticholinergic agent.
• Hyoscyamus niger gives hyoscine (scopolamine) which is also anticholinergic.

Question 13

Plant Sources – Bark
• Cinchona bark gives ———
• Atropa belladonna gives ———
• Hyoscyamus niger gives ———

Answer 13

Plant Sources – Bark
• Cinchona bark gives quinine and quinidine which are antimalarial drugs. Quinidine also has antiarrhythmic properties.
• Atropa belladonna gives atropine which is an anticholinergic agent.
• Hyoscyamus niger gives hyoscine (scopolamine) which is also anticholinergic.

Question 14

Plant Sources – Stem
• ————— gives tubocurarine which is ————— used in general anesthesia.

Answer 14

Plant Sources – Stem
• Chondrodendron tomentosum gives tubocurarine which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia.

Question 15

Plant Sources – Stem
• Chondrodendron tomentosum gives ———— which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia.

Answer 15

Plant Sources – Stem
• Chondrodendron tomentosum gives tubocurarine which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia.

Question 16

When the nucleus of drug obtained from natural source is retained but the chemical structure is altered it is said to be ———- e.g.

Answer 16

When the nucleus of drug obtained from natural source is retained but the chemical structure is altered it is said to be semi-synthetic e.g. apomorphine, diacetyl morphine, ethinyl estradiol, homatropine, ampicillin and methyl testosterone etc.

Question 17

Microbiological Sources
• ———— is a fungus which gives penicillin.
• ——— gives streptomycin.
• Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin are obtained from ——- & ———

Answer 17

Microbiological Sources
• Penicillium notatum is a fungus which gives penicillin.
• Actinobacteria gives streptomycin.
• Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin are obtained from Streptomyces spp. and micromonosporas.

Question 18

Microbiological Sources
• Penicillium notatum is a fungus which gives ——-.
• Actinobacteria gives ———-.
• Aminoglycosides such as ———- and ———— are obtained from Streptomyces spp. and micromonosporas.

Answer 18

Microbiological Sources
• Penicillium notatum is a fungus which gives penicillin.
• Actinobacteria gives streptomycin.
• Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and tobramycin are obtained from Streptomyces spp. and micromonosporas.