Intro GMH and Epidemiology and burden of MNS disorders, social determinants of mental health Flashcards
What are mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders?
Heterogeneous range of disorders that originated from a complex array of genetic, biological,
psychological and social factors.
Often grouped together due to common characteristics:
All owe their symptoms and impairments to some degree of brain dysfunction
Social determinants play a key role in etiology and symptom expression of many of these disorders
Disorders frequently co-occur
Why it is important to pay attention to Mental Health disorders?
Economic impact-
Political leaders everywhere now understand the massive economic impact of neglecting the mental health
of the population.
Over the next 20 years the total global economic burden of chronic disease - including mental disorders -
(health system costs and productivity losses) will be US $47 trillion.
The economic cost of mental disorders and consequent disability will be US $16 trillion
Social Impact-
Children with disabilities are much less likely to attend school than others.
People with disabilities tend to experience higher unemployment and have lower earnings than people
without disabilities.
They also have poorer likelihood of being engaged in the community, getting married, and having children
What is disability and main solution to it?
Shift from medical model to social model →
Focus on social barriers and discrimination
experienced
Disability redefined as social problem rather
than individual problem
Solutions = removing barriers and social change,
not just medical care
Define GBD, DALY’s
Global Burden of Disease (GBD):
Impact of the health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity or other indicators.
What are some social determinants of MNS disorders ?
Sociodemographic: age, gender, ethnicity, income, employment,
income inequality, education, social support
Human security:
Neighbourhood: housing, housing, over-crowding, neighbourhood violence
Environmental / trauma: natural disasters, war, conflict, climate change,
migration
Social change: changes in income, urbanization, environmental
degradation etc
Why is there emergence of global mental health?
A vast majority of the hundreds of millions of people living with mental, neurological and substance use disorders
(MNS) do not have their basic health and social care needs met.
The most striking inequity is that concerning the disparities in provision of care and respect for human rights of
people living with mental disorders between rich and poor communities within and across countries.
What are the 3 health systems objectives?
Improving the health an wellbeing of the population
This is the primary or defining objective of a health system. Other sectors in a country may contribute
towards achieving better health for a population but this is not their primary goal.
▪ Responding to people’s needs and expectations
This social objective, common to many sectors, concerns the way in which individuals or groups in
society wish to be treated by particular facilities or services.
▪ Providing financial protection against the cost of illness
This objective is shared by all societal systems. It has to do with fair financing, whether the health
system is paid for socially or financed by individual purchases. Prepayment, either t
What is whole society approach?
“ Mental health is everybody’s business”
Task-shifting
No single country will ever have enough mental health
specialists to meet the treatment gap
Mental health promotion, prevention, treatment and
recovery requires a diverse variety of providers e.g.,
community health workers, teachers, law enforcement
officers, people with lived experience, and carers
Nothing about us without us
Fundamental, rights-based component of the ethos of
mental health care provision and research
