Intro + FTD Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
The study of energy, its transformations, and the relationships between various properties of a system.
What are the main applications of thermodynamics in materials science?
- Phase equilibria.
- Reaction feasibility.
- Property relations.
- Energy in materials processing.
What is a system in thermodynamics?
The part of the universe under study (e.g., a reaction vessel).
What are the surroundings?
Everything outside the system.
What are the three types of thermodynamic systems?
- Open system: Exchanges matter and energy.
- Closed system: Exchanges only energy.
- Isolated system: No exchange of matter or energy.
What defines the state of a system?
Properties like pressure (P), temperature (T), volume (V), and composition.
What are state functions?
Properties that depend only on the system’s current state, not the path taken (e.g., P, T, V, U).
What is thermodynamic equilibrium?
A system where properties remain constant over time in the absence of external disturbances.
What are the types of equilibrium?
- Mechanical equilibrium: No unbalanced forces.
- Thermal equilibrium: Uniform temperature.
- Chemical equilibrium: No net chemical reactions.
What are the units for energy, pressure, temperature, and volume?
- Energy: Joules (J).
- Pressure: Pascal (Pa) or atm.
- Temperature: Kelvin (K).
- Volume: ( m^3 ) or ( cm^3 ).
What are extensive properties?
Depend on the system size (e.g., mass, volume, total energy).
What are intensive properties?
Independent of the system size (e.g., temperature, pressure, density).
What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state?
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.
What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?
Introduces entropy and explains the direction of spontaneous processes.
