Intro - Endocrine Flashcards
Melatonin functions to do what ?
To support the body’s “biological clock” and is thought to induce sleep.
The pineal gland is located where ? And what does it secrete ?
In the central portion of the brain.
Secretes melatonin
Hormones secreted by other endocrine tissue in other organs apart from the major endocrine glands?
Examples are erythropoietin (kidney), human chorionic gonadotropin (placenta), and cholecystokinin (gallbladder).
Prostaglandins stimulate ?
1-Stimulate the contraction of the uterus
2- regulate body temperature, platelet aggregation, and acid secretion in the stomach
3- have the ability to lower blood pressure.
Two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland ?
Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
The thyroid gland
Is composed of a right and left lobe on either side of the trachea
What is synthesized in the thyroid gland from (T4) and (T3) ?
Iodine which is picked up from blood circulating through the gland, and from an amino acid called tyrosine.
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland is ?
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is secreted when ?
Calcium levels in the blood are high.
Parathormone mobilizes what ?
Calcium (a mineral substance) from bones into the bloodstream.
Each gland consists of two parts: which are ?
Adrenal cortex - inner portion
Adrenal medulla - outer portion
The adrenal cortex secretes ?
Steroids or corticosteroids (complex chemicals derived from cholesterol)
The adrenal medulla secretes ?
Catecholamines (chemicals derived from amino acids)
The islets of langerhans produce what ?
Insulin (produced by beta cells) and glucagon (produced by alpha cells).
The pituitary gland is also called what ?
Hypophysis
