Intro DSA Flashcards
Basis behind autocrine signaling?
Paracrine?
Endocrine?
Neuroendocrine?
autocrine releases a hormone that acts on itself.
paracrine sends out a hormone to something closeby
endocrine sends a hormone through the blood to a different target farther away
neuroendocrine sends hormones from a neuron to the target farther away.
What does the pancreas secrete?
Adrenal Medula?
Kidney?
Insulin, Glucagon
NE, E
Renin, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
What does the adrenal cortex produce?
Cortisol, Aldosterone, Adrenal androgens
What do the testes create?
Ovaries?
Corpus Luteum?
Testosterone
Estradiol, Progesterone
Estradiol, Progesterone
What does the placenta release?
hCG, Estriol, Progesterone, hPL (human placental lactogen)
What are peptide hormones usually synthesized as and what does this mean?
what happens to it then?
final step before active hormone
Preprohormone (not biologically active)
Signal peptide removed in the ER to produce pro hormone
packed into vesicles they are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes to make the active form
What is the common stimulus for secretion among peptide / protein hormones in the endocrine cell? (2 ways)
increase in intracellular ca2+ caused by membrane depolarization
activation of G protein couple receptor followed by increased cAMP and activation of PKA
Coming from steroid hormones, where does our cholesterol come from? (2 ways)
LDL particles take it up through receptor mediated endocytosis
de novo synthesis from acetyl coA
What are the genomic and nongenomic actions of steroid hormones?
Genomic –> modulate gene transcriptions by interaction with intracellular, nuclear receptors.
nongenomic –> specific receptor mediated actions or direct steroid membrane interactions
What are the two groups of amine hormones (biogenic amines)
where do they bind?
Catecholamines –> synthesized in the cytosol and secretory granules.. they act through cell-membrane associated receptors
Thyroid hormones –> cross cell membrane and act through nuclear receptors.
What are the 6 things that the hypothalamus secretes?
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Somatostatin or somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (SRIF)
Dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)
Growth hormone releaseing hormone (GHRH)
What are the actions of each?
TRH CRH GnRH SRIF PIF GHRH
stimulate release of TSH and prolactin
Stimulates secretion of ACTH
stimulate secretion of LH and FSH
Inhibits secretion of growth hormone
inhibits secretion of prolactin
stimulates secretion of growth hormone
of all the hypothalamus hormones, which one is an amine hormone and which ones are peptide?
Dopamine
the rest are peptide.
What does TSH do?
FSH?
LH?
GH?
stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone
stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes, follicle development and estrogen synthesis
stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus lute, estrogen, progesterone synthesis in ovaries
stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth.
What does prolactin do?
ACTH?
MSH?
stimulate milk production and secretion in breast
stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgen, aldosterone)
melanin synthesis
