Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminology- Intro > Intro Criminology Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Intro Criminology Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q 
Scholars in the field of criminology during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries came from such fields as
a. -philosophy
b. -medicine
c. -psychiatry 
d -all of the above
A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classical theorists believe that

a. -all of us have free will
b. -social factors are important in criminal behavior
c. -most crime is economically determined
d. -all of the above

A

-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cesare Beccaria’s ‘On Crimes and Punishments’

a. -undermined many cherished beliefs of those in power
b. -was an attack on the prevailing system of justice
c. -was written in response to the positive school of criminology
d. - a and b

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Eighteenth-century European law was characterized by

a. -secret accusations
b. -torture
c. -arbitrary sentences
d. - all of the above

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Jeremy Bentham believed

a. -that criminals are a primitive throwback on the Darwinian scale of human evolution
b. -that an act should not be judged by an irrational system of absolutes
c. -in the power of the scientific method
d. - a and b

A

-b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The positive perspective stressed that much of our behavior is a function of

a. -external forces that are within individual control
b. -external forces that are beyond individual control
c. -internal forces, such as our mental capabilities and biological makeup
d. -b and c

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cesare Lombroso explained crime mainly on the basis of

a. -economic factors
b. -biological characteristics and heredity
c. -social factors
d. -all of the above

A

–b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Enrico Ferri, crime is caused by such factors as

a. -race, climate, geographic location, seasonal effects, and temperature
b. -age, sex, and somatic and psychological conditions
c. -density of populations, customs, and religion
d. -all of the above

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Raffaele Garofalo

a. -accepted the doctrine of free will
b. -believed that crime could not be understood only by using scientific methods
c. -believed in elimination
d. -all of the above

A

-c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to rational choice theory

a. -a criminal rationally chooses the crime to commit
b. -a criminal rationally chooses the target of the crime
c. -a criminal is irrational in the choice of crime and victim
d. -a and b

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to deterrence theory

a. -criminals are not rational beings who evaluate available information to decide whether a crime is attractive or worthwhile
b. -an individuals choice is influenced by the fear of punishment
c. -virtually all criminal behavior is biologically inherited
d. -virtually all criminal behavior can be explained psychologically

A

-b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The economic model views the decision to commit a crime as

a. -essentially similar to any other decision-that is, it made on the basis of an analysis of the cost and benefit of the action
b. -a function of one’s socioeconomic position in the marketplace
c. -not a function of economic validity
d. -all of the above

A

-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to routine activities theory,

a. -criminals are impulsive
b. -criminals are not impulsive or unpredictable
c. -criminal balance the costs as well as benefits of committing crimes
d. -b and c

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Routines activities theory focuses on the convergence of

a. -motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of guardians capable of defending the target
b. -unsuitable offenders, unsuitable targets, and capable guardians
c. -routine offenders, routine targets, and routine guardians
d. -none of the above

A

-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The early explanations for criminal behavior focused on

a. -the psychological reasons for committing crimes
b. -the biochemical causes of crime
c. -the genetic causes of crime
d. -none of the above

A

-d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Attempts to explain crime date back some three hundred years.

T or F

A

-F

17
Q

The positivist school purports that people rationally choose to commit criminal acts.

T or F

A

-F

18
Q

The classical school purports that behavior is determined by measurable factors beyond individual control.

T or F

A

-F

19
Q

The classical believes that the major element governing a person’s choice of action is the basic human desire to obtain pleasure and avoid pain.

T or F

A

-T

20
Q

Beccaria’s blueprint for reform had its roots in social contract theory.

T or F

A

-T

21
Q

Bentham’s perspective on human behavior had its roots in the concept of utilitarianism.

T or F

A

-T

22
Q

Beccaria’s general theory suggested that criminals can be distinguished from noncriminals by the manifestation of multiple physical anomalies that are atavistic.

T or F

A

-F

23
Q

Garofalo’s ideas relegate environmental and social factors to secondary levels of importance.

T or F

A

-T

24
Q

Rational choice theory focuses on the “born criminal.”

T or F

A

-F

25
Q

The economic model challenges the assumption that a person chooses to commit crime.

T or F

A

-F

26
Q

Routine activities theory focuses on the criminal offenders themselves, not on the criminal events.

T or F

A

-F

27
Q

Criminologists have traditionally marked the beginning of the discipline of criminology with the establishment of Cesare Beccaria’s and Jeremy Bentham’s ____ school of criminology.

A

-CLASSICAL

28
Q

The classical school of criminology was founded by ____ and ____.

A

-BECCARIA, BENTHAM

29
Q

Beccaria believed bad ____ , not evil people, were the basis of the crime problem.

A

-LAWS

30
Q

Beccaria believed that punishment should be based on the pleasure/ ____ principle.

A

-PAIN

31
Q

Bentham developed a moral ____ for estimating the probability that a person will engage in a particular kind of behavior.

A

-CALCULUS

32
Q

It was the founder of sociology, ____, who advocated that human behavior and society should be studied using methods similar to those used in physical studies.

A

-COMTE

33
Q

____ explained criminal behavior on the basis of biological characteristics and heredity.

A

-LOMBROSO

34
Q

Lombroso is considered to be the father of ____ .

A

-OF CRIMINOLOGY

35
Q

____ thought that the positivist school cultivated a “science of criminology and of a social defense against it.”

A

-FERRI

36
Q

Garofalo presents three means of elimination: ____, ____, and ____ .

A

-DEATH, PARTIAL ELIMINATION, ENFORCED REPARATION

37
Q

____ theory stresses the idea that an individual’s choice to commit or not commit a crime is influenced by the fear of punishment.

A

-DETERRENCE THEORY

38
Q

____ theory explains why crime and delinquency occur in particular places under specific conditions.

A

-ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY

Criminology- Intro (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions