intro crim Flashcards
who coined the term Criminologia and when?
Raffaele Garofalo, 1885
used an analogous French term
Paul Topinard, 1889
English term of criminology was used by
Edwin H. Sutherland
cannot become a science
george wilker
entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon
criminology
dean of modern criminology
edwin h. sutherlan
PRINCIPAL DIVISION OF CRIMINOLOGY
- Criminal Etiology
- Sociology of Laws
- Penology
criminal etiology
scientific study of the causation of crime
sociology of laws
study of the nature of criminal law and its administration
penology
focus on the prevention of crime
Nature of Criminology
science
art
(nature of criminology)
science
systematized knowledge or practice
(nature of criminology)
art
use of skill and imagination
NATURE OR CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIMINOLOGY
- Criminology as a Social Science
- As an Applied Science
- Criminology is Nationalistic
- Criminology is Dynamic
Criminology as a Social Science
social creation and that it exists in the society
Applied Science
study of the causes of crimes anthropology, psychology, sociology and other natural sciences
Criminology is Nationalistic
relation with the existing penal law within a specific territory
Criminology is Dynamic
Criminology changes as social condition changes
Other fields of Studies related to Criminology
Criminal;
demography
Ecology
Epidemiology
physical anthropology
psychology
psychiatry
Victimology
demography
criminality and population
Ecology
environment and criminality
Epidemiology
spatial distribution in a community (crime rate per community)
physical anthropology
physical constitution of men (the way you look)
psychology
human behavior relation to criminality
psychiatry
human mind
victimology
role of the victim
Primary victim (directly suffered)
Secondary victim (suffered indirectly; relatives)
Tertiary or remote victim (victim psychologically: watching, hearing)
Why must member of society be interested in Crime
- Crime is pervasive - society are once upon a time a victim or an offender of criminal act
- Crime is expensive
a. Direct expenses
b. Indirect expenses - Crime is destructive
- Crime is reflective
- Crime is progressive
(CRIME AND CRIMINAL LAW)
Crime
violation of law
(CRIME AND CRIMINAL LAW)
Criminal laws
what actions are prohibited, what actions are required to be done and provided for the penalties or punishments to be imposed in case of violation of the laws
, that is, there is no crime where there is no law punishing it.
” nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege”
Triangle of Crime
- desire
- capability
- opportunity
Categories of Crime
a. Felony – punishable under the Revised Penal Code (mala in se)
b. Offense - violation of a special law (mala prohibita)
c. Infraction – violation of a city or municipal ordinance
LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES
- manner of committing crime
a. dolo or deceit - crime is intentionally
b. culpa or fault - criminal negligence - commission of crimes
a. Attempted crime - does not perform all the acts of execution
b. Frustrated crime – performed all the acts of execution
c. Consummated crime – accomplished the crime - According to plurality
a. simple crime – single act constituting only one offense.
b. complex crime – single act constituting two or more grave felonies
. - according to gravity
a) grave felonies – punishment or penalties which in any of their period are afflictive.
b) less grave felonies – (imprisonment of more than one month but not more than 6 years or fine of P200.00 but not more than P6,000.00)
c) light felonies – arresto menor or a fine not exceeding P200.00 (the penalty is imprisonment of one day to thirty days or fine of not more than P200.00) - According to the nature of the act:
a. Crime Mala in Se =are acts that are inherently evil. Examples are murder, robbery, etc.
b. Crime Mala prohibita = are acts which are prohibited only because there are laws forbidding such acts.
Examples are illegal possesion of fire arms, traffic violation
