Intro - Chemical Level Flashcards
Gross Anatomy
studies the structure of organ systems
Systemic Anatomy
the study of general form and superficial markings
Regional Anatomy
Focuses on the anatomical organization of a specific area of the body.
Developmental Anatomy
it describes the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity.
Clinical Anatomy
medical anatomy, Radiographic, surgical anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
studies structures that are not visible to the naked eye and need magnification.
pathological
Cytology
analysis of the internal structure of individual cells
Histology
examination of tissues, groups of specialized cells.
What is anatomical position?
Standing with hands at the side and the palms facing forward. That thumbs are pointing away from the body.
What are the body planes?
The body planes are:
frontal or coronal plane: splits are person front and back
median (midsaggital) plane: splits a person left and right
transverse plane (cross section): up and down
What is homeostasis?
The ability of the human body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions (temperature, pH, fluid balance, etc)
How does the body control homeostasis?
Through negative and positive feedback mechanisms.
- Negative feedback causes the variable to change in the opposite direction. (Ex. Sweating to maintain body temperature)
- Positive feedback cause the variable to accelerate the change in the same direction. (Ex. Blood clotting)
What is a stimulus vs effector?
The stimulus also known as the receptor detects the change.
The effector makes the change if necessary based on the signal it receives.
What is MRI, CT, and PET scan?
MRI: (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body
CT: (Computerized Tomography) a combination of X-rays and a computer to create pictures of your organs, bones, and other tissues.
PET: (Positron Emission Tomography) to spot a brain tumor
What are all the levels of organization?
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ System
- Organisms
Identify all organs located in the cranial- thoracic- abdominal- pelvic cavity.
Cranial cavity formed by bones if the skull
Thoracic cavity contains the heart, lungs, esophagus
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, liver, kidney
The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Integumentary system
Integumentary system: function to protect us from the outside world, environmental hazards
● Major Organs: skin, hair, sweats glands, nails
Skeletal System
Skeletal System: function provides protection and support for other tissues. Stores calcium and other minerals
● Major Organs: bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, bone marrow (makes blood cells)
Muscular System
Muscular System: provides movement, provides protection for internal organs
● Major Organs: skeletal muscles associated tendons
Nervous System
Nervous System: function main control system of our body. Directs immediate responses to stimuli.
● Major Organs: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs.
Endocrine System
Endocrine System: controls metabolism and hormones.
● Major Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, suprarenal glands, gonad
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System: pumps blood to the whole body. Distributes blood cells, water , nutrients including oxygen and carbon dioxide
● Major Organs:Heart, blood, blood vessels
Lymphoid System
Lymphoid System: defends against infection and diseases. Returns tissue fluids to blood stream.
● Major Organs: spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Respiratory System
Respiratory System: provides oxygen to the body. Removes carbon dioxide from our bloodstream
● Major Organs: lungs, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, nasal cavities
Digestive System
Digestive System: processes and digests food. Absorb water and nutrients
● Major Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver gallbladder, pancreas
Urinary System
Urinary System: removes waste from the blood
● Major Organs: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System: produces male sex cells and hormones
● Major Organs: testes, epididymides, ducts deference, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System: produce female sex cells and hormones
● Major Organs: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
What is a compound?
A substance formed from two or more elements chemically linked
What is a molecule?
Is a group of atoms bonded together by chemical bonds