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Kinesiology > Intro Chap 1-7 > Flashcards

Intro Chap 1-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define fibrous joint

A

Held together by thin layer of periosteum

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2
Q

Define Cartilaginous joint and alternate name

A

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage separate bone alternate name amphiarthrodial joint

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3
Q

Define synovial joint and alternate name

A

Bones are encapsulated and surrounded by synovial fluid

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4
Q

Types of fibrous joint and characteristic

A

Synarthrosis. Syndesmosis. Gomphosis. Provide great stability

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5
Q

Define synarthrosis and give example

A

Bones interlock, essentially no motion provides strength stability and shape. Skull sutures

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6
Q

Define syndesmosis and give example

A

Broad areas of ligaments and interosseous membranes hold the joint together allowing small amount twisting or stretching. Distal tibia/fibular joint

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7
Q

Define gomphosis and give example

A

Bolted together. Tooth socket

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8
Q

Define cartilaginous joint and characteristic

A

Allows small amount of bending,twisting or compression. Great stability

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9
Q

Alternate name for cartilaginous joint and example joint

A

Amphiarthrodial. Symphysis pubis, vertebrae and 1st sternocostal joint

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10
Q

Define synovial joint and Characteristic

A

Joint capsule made of strong fibrous tissue, filled with synovial fluid, articular surfaces smooth covered in hyaline cartilage. Less stable great mobility

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11
Q

Alternate name for synovial joint and examples

A

Diarthrodial. Knee hip elbow and shoulder

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12
Q

Synovial joint classifications

A

Biaxial, nonaxial, triaxial, uniaxial

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13
Q

Define biaxial and give example

A

Motion at 2 planes at condyloid or saddle joint. Wrist or cmc of thumb

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14
Q

Define nonaxial and give example

A

Gliding motion. Carpal bones-plane joints

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15
Q

Define traxial and give examples

A

A ball and socket joint allows motion I. All three planes. Shoulder hip

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16
Q

Define uniaxial and give example

A

Motion in one plane occurs at a hinge or pivot joint. Elbow

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17
Q

Define osteokinematics

A

End feel of joint motion can be measured by goniometer

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18
Q

Arthrokinematics define

A

Joint surface motion cannot be measure

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19
Q

Accessory motions 5

A
  1. Traction of distraction
  2. Approximation or compression
  3. Shearing
  4. bending
  5. rotary
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20
Q

Define traction or distraction

A

Joint surfaces pulling apart

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21
Q

Approximation or compression

A

Joint surfaces pushed together

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22
Q

Shearing

A

Both ends move parallel to and in opposite direction from each other

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23
Q

Bending

A

Compression on concave side and distraction on convex side

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24
Q

Rotary

A

Combination of compression and shearing

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25
Q

Arthrokinematic motion 3

A

Roll
Glide/slide
Spin

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26
Q

Olfactory function

A

Smell

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27
Q

Optic nerve function

A

Vision

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28
Q

Oculomotor nerve function

A

Muscles of eye

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29
Q

Trochlear never function

A

Muscles of eye

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30
Q

Trigeminal nerve functions

A

Sensory face area

Motor chewing muscles

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31
Q

Abducens nerve function

A

Muscles of eye

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32
Q

Facial nerve functions

A

Sensory tongue area

Motor muscles of facial expressions

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33
Q

Vestibulocochelear nerve functions

A

Hearing

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34
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve function

A

Sensory taste pharynx middle ear

Motor muscles of pharynx

35
Q

Vagus nerve functions

A

Sensory and motor heart lungs and gi tract

36
Q

Accessory nerve functions

A

Strenocleidomastiod and trapezius muscles

37
Q

Hypoglossal nerve functions

A

Muscles of tongue

38
Q

Four lobes of brain

A

Frontal occipital parietal temporal

39
Q

2 Functions of frontal lobe

A

Controls motor movement

Expressive speech

40
Q

2 functions of parietal lobe

A

Controls touch, pressure and fine sensations

41
Q

2 Occipital lobe functions

A

Vision and recognitions of size shape and color

42
Q

2 temporal lobe functions

A

Behavior and hearing

43
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of movement

44
Q

Biomechanics

A

Relating mechanical principles to the human body

45
Q

Kinetics

A

Force factors that cause movement

46
Q

Kinematics

A

The time space and mass aspect of a moving system

47
Q

How many bones in the human body

A

206

48
Q

Bones of the axial skeleton

A

Head thorax and trunk

49
Q

Bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

Exteremeties

50
Q

Examples of long bones

A

Clavicle, radius, ulna, humerus, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, fibula, tibia metatarsals

51
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals and tarsals

52
Q

Examples of flat bones

A

Scapula, cranial bones, ribs and sternum

53
Q

Examples of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, sacrum coccyx

54
Q

Example of sesamoid bones

A

Patella

55
Q

Examples of rhomboidal muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus, rhomboids, pronation quadratus

56
Q

4 characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Extensibility, elasticity, irritability and contractility

57
Q

Extensibility means

A

To lengthen

58
Q

Elasticity meaning

A

Return to normal

59
Q

Irritability meaning

A

Ability to repsond

60
Q

Contractility meaning

A

Shortening

61
Q

A muscle is strongest when

A

It is put to a slight stretch before contracting

62
Q

A muscle can be shortened by ___ it’s normal resting length and can be stretched to _____ it’s normal resting length

A

One half, one and a half times

63
Q

Definition of active insufficiency

A

The agonist can not be shortened any further

64
Q

Definition of passive insufficiency

A

The antagonist cannot be elongated any further

65
Q

Definition of isometric muscle contraction

A

No joint movement with muscle contraction

66
Q

Definition of isokinetic muscle contraction

A

Joint movement occurs, speed is constant but resistance can change

67
Q

Definition of isotonic muscle contraction

A

Joint movement occurs, resistance is constant but speed can change

68
Q

Types of isotonic muscle contraction

A

Concentric and eccentric

69
Q

Concentric definition

A

Shortening contraction

70
Q

Eccentric definition

A

Lengthening contraction

71
Q

Verbatim definition of dermatomes

A

AREA OF SKIN supplied with SENSORY FIBERS of a SPINAL NERVE

72
Q

What is the starting position for all ROM (except rotation)

A

Anatomical position

73
Q

For rotation ROM what position do you start in? What is the difference from anatomical position?

A

Functional position, palms are facing in towards body

74
Q

Contractions for ROM

A
  1. Dislocation/subluxation of joint
  2. Unstable fracture of a bone
  3. Rupture of tendon or ligament
  4. Immediately post op if movement will interfere with healing
  5. Myositis ossification/ectopic ossification
75
Q

Cautions for ROM

A

Infection or inflammation in or around joint
If pt is on muscle relaxers or pain meds
Severe osteoporosis
Following prolonged immobilization

76
Q

Also caution with ( in ROM)

A 
Hyper mobile joint
Painful conditions where movement exacerbated problem
Hemophilia 
Hematoma in joint area
Suspected bony ankyloses
Immediate post injury
Newly healed fracture
77
Q

Normal end feels

A

Soft end feel
Firm end feel
Hard end feel

78
Q

Soft abnormal end feel

A

Boggy if usually hard or firm

79
Q

Firm abnormal end feel

A

Spring or hard stop with some give if usually has soft or hard

80
Q

Abnormal hard end feel

A

Abrupt stop in unusual place

81
Q

Abnormal empty end feel

A

Unable to complete ROM SECONDARY TO PAIN

82
Q

Capsular patterns

A

A pathological condition of the joint capsule where a predictable, proportional loss of ROM develops over time which is unique to each joint

83
Q

Non-capsular patterns

A

Pathologies that do not involve the entire joint capsule will cause one or two motions to be limited while other motions are free of limitations

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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