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Kinesiology > Intro Chap 1-7 > Flashcards

Intro Chap 1-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define fibrous joint

A

Held together by thin layer of periosteum

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2
Q

Define Cartilaginous joint and alternate name

A

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage separate bone alternate name amphiarthrodial joint

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3
Q

Define synovial joint and alternate name

A

Bones are encapsulated and surrounded by synovial fluid

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4
Q

Types of fibrous joint and characteristic

A

Synarthrosis. Syndesmosis. Gomphosis. Provide great stability

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5
Q

Define synarthrosis and give example

A

Bones interlock, essentially no motion provides strength stability and shape. Skull sutures

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6
Q

Define syndesmosis and give example

A

Broad areas of ligaments and interosseous membranes hold the joint together allowing small amount twisting or stretching. Distal tibia/fibular joint

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7
Q

Define gomphosis and give example

A

Bolted together. Tooth socket

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8
Q

Define cartilaginous joint and characteristic

A

Allows small amount of bending,twisting or compression. Great stability

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9
Q

Alternate name for cartilaginous joint and example joint

A

Amphiarthrodial. Symphysis pubis, vertebrae and 1st sternocostal joint

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10
Q

Define synovial joint and Characteristic

A

Joint capsule made of strong fibrous tissue, filled with synovial fluid, articular surfaces smooth covered in hyaline cartilage. Less stable great mobility

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11
Q

Alternate name for synovial joint and examples

A

Diarthrodial. Knee hip elbow and shoulder

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12
Q

Synovial joint classifications

A

Biaxial, nonaxial, triaxial, uniaxial

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13
Q

Define biaxial and give example

A

Motion at 2 planes at condyloid or saddle joint. Wrist or cmc of thumb

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14
Q

Define nonaxial and give example

A

Gliding motion. Carpal bones-plane joints

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15
Q

Define traxial and give examples

A

A ball and socket joint allows motion I. All three planes. Shoulder hip

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16
Q

Define uniaxial and give example

A

Motion in one plane occurs at a hinge or pivot joint. Elbow

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17
Q

Define osteokinematics

A

End feel of joint motion can be measured by goniometer

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18
Q

Arthrokinematics define

A

Joint surface motion cannot be measure

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19
Q

Accessory motions 5

A
  1. Traction of distraction
  2. Approximation or compression
  3. Shearing
  4. bending
  5. rotary
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20
Q

Define traction or distraction

A

Joint surfaces pulling apart

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21
Q

Approximation or compression

A

Joint surfaces pushed together

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22
Q

Shearing

A

Both ends move parallel to and in opposite direction from each other

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23
Q

Bending

A

Compression on concave side and distraction on convex side

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24
Q

Rotary

A

Combination of compression and shearing

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25
Arthrokinematic motion 3
Roll Glide/slide Spin
26
Olfactory function
Smell
27
Optic nerve function
Vision
28
Oculomotor nerve function
Muscles of eye
29
Trochlear never function
Muscles of eye
30
Trigeminal nerve functions
Sensory face area | Motor chewing muscles
31
Abducens nerve function
Muscles of eye
32
Facial nerve functions
Sensory tongue area | Motor muscles of facial expressions
33
Vestibulocochelear nerve functions
Hearing
34
Glossopharyngeal nerve function
Sensory taste pharynx middle ear | Motor muscles of pharynx
35
Vagus nerve functions
Sensory and motor heart lungs and gi tract
36
Accessory nerve functions
Strenocleidomastiod and trapezius muscles
37
Hypoglossal nerve functions
Muscles of tongue
38
Four lobes of brain
Frontal occipital parietal temporal
39
2 Functions of frontal lobe
Controls motor movement | Expressive speech
40
2 functions of parietal lobe
Controls touch, pressure and fine sensations
41
2 Occipital lobe functions
Vision and recognitions of size shape and color
42
2 temporal lobe functions
Behavior and hearing
43
Kinesiology
The study of movement
44
Biomechanics
Relating mechanical principles to the human body
45
Kinetics
Force factors that cause movement
46
Kinematics
The time space and mass aspect of a moving system
47
How many bones in the human body
206
48
Bones of the axial skeleton
Head thorax and trunk
49
Bones of the appendicular skeleton
Exteremeties
50
Examples of long bones
Clavicle, radius, ulna, humerus, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, fibula, tibia metatarsals
51
Examples of short bones
Carpals and tarsals
52
Examples of flat bones
Scapula, cranial bones, ribs and sternum
53
Examples of Irregular bones
Vertebrae, sacrum coccyx
54
Example of sesamoid bones
Patella
55
Examples of rhomboidal muscles
Gluteus Maximus, rhomboids, pronation quadratus
56
4 characteristics of muscle tissue
Extensibility, elasticity, irritability and contractility
57
Extensibility means
To lengthen
58
Elasticity meaning
Return to normal
59
Irritability meaning
Ability to repsond
60
Contractility meaning
Shortening
61
A muscle is strongest when
It is put to a slight stretch before contracting
62
A muscle can be shortened by ___ it’s normal resting length and can be stretched to _____ it’s normal resting length
One half, one and a half times
63
Definition of active insufficiency
The agonist can not be shortened any further
64
Definition of passive insufficiency
The antagonist cannot be elongated any further
65
Definition of isometric muscle contraction
No joint movement with muscle contraction
66
Definition of isokinetic muscle contraction
Joint movement occurs, speed is constant but resistance can change
67
Definition of isotonic muscle contraction
Joint movement occurs, resistance is constant but speed can change
68
Types of isotonic muscle contraction
Concentric and eccentric
69
Concentric definition
Shortening contraction
70
Eccentric definition
Lengthening contraction
71
Verbatim definition of dermatomes
AREA OF SKIN supplied with SENSORY FIBERS of a SPINAL NERVE
72
What is the starting position for all ROM (except rotation)
Anatomical position
73
For rotation ROM what position do you start in? What is the difference from anatomical position?
Functional position, palms are facing in towards body
74
Contractions for ROM
1. Dislocation/subluxation of joint 2. Unstable fracture of a bone 3. Rupture of tendon or ligament 4. Immediately post op if movement will interfere with healing 5. Myositis ossification/ectopic ossification
75
Cautions for ROM
Infection or inflammation in or around joint If pt is on muscle relaxers or pain meds Severe osteoporosis Following prolonged immobilization
76
Also caution with ( in ROM)
``` Hyper mobile joint Painful conditions where movement exacerbated problem Hemophilia Hematoma in joint area Suspected bony ankyloses Immediate post injury Newly healed fracture ```
77
Normal end feels
Soft end feel Firm end feel Hard end feel
78
Soft abnormal end feel
Boggy if usually hard or firm
79
Firm abnormal end feel
Spring or hard stop with some give if usually has soft or hard
80
Abnormal hard end feel
Abrupt stop in unusual place
81
Abnormal empty end feel
Unable to complete ROM SECONDARY TO PAIN
82
Capsular patterns
A pathological condition of the joint capsule where a predictable, proportional loss of ROM develops over time which is unique to each joint
83
Non-capsular patterns
Pathologies that do not involve the entire joint capsule will cause one or two motions to be limited while other motions are free of limitations

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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