Intro - Chap 1 Flashcards
What is Multicultural Psych?
The study of the influences of multiple cultures in a single social context on human behavior. [study of cultural and sociocultural influences on behavior]
What is the “assumption” in multicultural psych?
The assumption is that there are BOTH universal and culture-specific phenomena (emphasis on the latter).
Name four ‘other’ forms of diversity that may intersect with cultural diversity.
Gender, socioeconomic status, sexual identity, disability, and religiosity.
What is ‘theory of mind”?
The ability to understand that individuals may perceive a situation in varying ways - that different individuals have different minds.
Why might a “culture free” psychology soon become obsolete?
(According to the U.S. Census Bureau) 1-in-10 of the nations (3141) counties has a population that exceeds 50% minority. [Largest counties: LA County 71% and Miami Dade County 82%].
What are two major effects of ‘minority status’?
Discrimination (harmful actions toward others because of their membership in a particular group) [discrimination may limit social educational, economic, professional, and political opportunities], being grouped together by others [Persons of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese descent may all be lumped into the “Asian American” category]
What is Cultural Psychology?
the study of cultural influences on behavior within single cultural contexts without the consideration of sociocultural influences.
What is Cross-Cultural Psychology?
focus’ on cultural similarities and differences across different national contexts. [the nations studies under this psychological focus tend not to share the same geographic space, therefore sociocultural influences tend to not be emphasized.]
How do Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology differ?
Cross-cultural psych tends to use an ‘etic’ approach [searches for universality of behaviors within a single culture] whereas multicultural psych includes etic approaches but emphasizes ‘emic’ approaches.[does not assume any universality of behaviors].
Explain Cross’ Model
Developed by William Cross (1971) developed in an AA context, the model conceptualized racial identity as a process involving four stages: Pre-Encounter, Encounter, Immersion/Emersion, and Internatlization. Stages are assessed via the “Cross Racial Identity Scale”
Identify the ‘Pre-Encounter’ Stage of Cross’ Model.
During this stages African Americans view the world as non-Black or anti-Black. This stage holds that AA’s will view EA’s as superior and identify the goal to assimilate into the dominant culture/society. The revised model includes 3 identity clusters within this stage. Pre-encounter assimilation, Pre-Encounter miseducation, and Pre-Encounter Self Hatred.
Identify the 3 identity clusters of the Pre-Encounter stage. (Cross’ Model)
Pre-Encounter assimilation - this identity involves a low salience of race [referring to awareness of the more noticeable or important aspects of racial identity] and a strong identity with being american.
Pre-Encounter Miseducation - this identity involves the internalization of negative stereotypes.
Pre-Encounter Self Hatred - this identity involves negative views about oneself and one’s race [example includes someone who does not identify with their own culture].
Identify the ‘Encounter’ stage of Cross’ Model.
During this stage AA’s become aware of their cultural identity and begin to validate themselves in terms of that racial identity. [Movement into this phase is often precipitated by some encounter with discrimination.]
Identify the ‘Immersion-Emersion’ stage of Cross’ Model.
During this phase people will immerse themselves in their identified culture, and reject any values that are not aligned with that identity.
Identify the ‘Internalization’ stage of Cross’ Model.
During this phase persons develop a self-confident and secure identify within their defined culture and are also comfortable expressing interest and preferences for experience from other cultures.
